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UK to chair global Earth observation group

The UK Space Agency’s role as CEOS Chair will be to oversee the activities of CEOS and ensure it is achieving the objectives of its work plan….reports Asian Lite News

As CEOS celebrates its 40th anniversary at the annual CEOS Plenary in Montreal, the CEOS Community of space and meteorological agencies and other groups has also renewed its collective commitment to CEOS’ mission and efforts in responding to global challenges for the good of humanity, with the agreement of the Montreal Statement.

Satellite Earth observation data can deliver significant public benefits in areas ranging from climate and biodiversity monitoring, disaster management, clean energy and urban planning.

The UK is involved in a range of Earth observation missions that contribute to global capabilities. These include leadership of the European Space Agency’s TRUTHS mission, which will improve confidence in climate forecasts; Biomass, which will monitor the world’s forests; Microcarb, a ground-breaking French-UK satellite mission for carbon monitoring; and the various Sentinel missions of the European Copernicus programme with its associated user-facing Services.  As well as these missions, the UK are experts in the use of the data for applications ranging from cutting edge science, operational services, new commercial and public sector services.

The UK Space Agency’s role as CEOS Chair will be to oversee the activities of CEOS and ensure it is achieving the objectives of its work plan. The UK Space Agency has proposed four priorities to champion data-driven solutions for major global challenges over the 12-month period as Chair, within the theme of ‘Unlocking Earth Observation for Society’:

Increasing use of space data in the Global Stocktakes of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). 

Dr Paul Bate, CEO of the UK Space Agency, said, “For 40 years, CEOS has been uniting the global community to champion the transformative potential of satellites and Earth Observation. I’m proud to be chairing this globally-valued committee and will use the next year to demonstrate how, by working together across borders, we can harness space technology for the benefit of our societies, our shared environment, and our economies.”

The UK will create opportunities for CEOS’ agencies to share their national perspectives and explore how to bridge the gap between data and public sector services, including hosting a workshop in September 2025 ahead of the UK’s CEOS Plenary 2025, in Bath, Somerset in November.  This supports work to get Earth observation tools and information embedded it on UK public sector policies at the national and local scale. 

Éric Laliberté, CEOS Chair 2024 on behalf of the Canadian Space Agency said, “We congratulate the UK Space Agency on assuming the chairmanship role and are committed to ensuring that data-driven decisions pave the way for increasingly sustainable practices. Together, we are advancing the role of satellite Earth observation in creating sustainable solutions for the future of our societies and natural environments.”

The Global Stocktake of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is a process for evaluating progress on climate action at a global level and identifying gaps. Over the next 12 months, the UK will work closely with Japanese Space Agency, JAXA, and the CEOS working group on Climate to study lessons learned from the previous Global Stocktake. The aim is to refine CEOS strategies to enhance the use of Earth observation data in the next Global stock-take for global climate action.  

Professor John Remedios, NCEO Director, said, “The National Centre for Earth Observation is very pleased to see the UK taking on leadership on the world stage. The UK is able to contribute world-leading capability and methods in Earth Observation to the global community.”

Through this role in CEOS, the UK will be able to support the important collaborative efforts that agencies need to achieve to meet the challenges of climate and of resilience with commitment, rigour and Earth intelligence. We are delighted to be supporting the UK Space Agency in its delegation with scientific advice and connectivity to the leading research in environmental science.

ALSO READ: UK Govt to ban disposable vapes from June 2025 

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AI Revolutionises Industries: From Education, Finance to Warfare and Gaming

From its early days as a mere academic curiosity to its current status as a powerhouse of innovation, AI has undergone significant transformations, shaping the world as we know it, writes Chetanya Mundachali

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has come a long way since its inception, transforming from a fledgling concept to a revolutionary technology that permeates every aspect of our lives. From its early days as a mere academic curiosity to its current status as a powerhouse of innovation, AI has undergone significant transformations, shaping the world as we know it. Pioneers like Alan Turing, Marvin Minsky, and Frank Rosenblatt laid the groundwork for AI’s future advancements that had an impact on the world as we see today. Following are the various sectors where AI has brought in significant changes:

AI in Education

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the education sector, enhancing the learning experience, and improving outcomes. AI’s applications in education range from personalized learning to intelligent tutoring systems. 

AI integration enhances student engagement, improves learning outcomes, increases accessibility, reduces teacher workload, and provides personalized learning experiences.

Challenges and Future Directions

While AI transforms education, challenges remain, including data privacy, equity, bias, and teacher training. Examples of AI-powered educational tools include Carnegie Learning’s Cognitive Tutor, DreamBox Learning’s Math Platform, Coursera’s AI-driven Course Recommendations, IBM’s Watson Education, and Google’s Classroom and Expeditions. By embracing AI, educators can create a more inclusive, effective, and inspiring learning environment.

Personalized Learning Paths: Recommending customized learning routes based on students’ strengths and weaknesses. This is very important since all students from the school to the university level have varied potential with strengths and weaknesses. AI can measure IQ learning curves and can potentially come up with specific digital learning tools to improve learning. 

For example, AI-powered learning tools can help and enhance the performance of students with low aptitude for mathematics and similar quantitative subjects

AI in Cryptocurrency and Stock Market

AI has revolutionized stock market predictions, offering tangible results and a decisive edge in the financial landscape. AI-based systems accurately predict stock prices, executing trades within milliseconds, and reducing human bias. AI models provide objective perspectives, free from cognitive biases and human emotions, leading to optimal investment decisions.

WorldCoin by Sam Altman

AI’s predictive capabilities also enhance market analysis, risk management, and portfolio optimization. Natural Language Processing (NLP) algorithms gauge market sentiment trends, providing traders with valuable insights. AI-powered bots assist users with stock trading queries, streamlining the investment process. AI-powered bots assist users with stock trading-related tasks and queries, quickly understanding and responding to requests. By leveraging AI, the stock market experiences improved efficiency, accuracy, and customer satisfaction.

Enhanced Security and Fraud Detection

The application of Artificial Intelligence in the cryptocurrency market has greatly enhanced security measures. Structurally, AI systems monitor transaction data tendencies and identify potentially fraudulent activities. Despite increasing threats from hackers, such as the ‘WinX’ crypto defraudation by Korean hackers, AI protects and prevents security risks.

The integration of AI in cryptocurrency is a game-changer, offering unparalleled opportunities and challenges. From enhanced market analysis and automated trading to advanced security measures and predictive maintenance, Artificial Intelligence has reshaped the crypto market.

AI in Finance

AI-based high-frequency trading accurately predicts stock prices, executing trades within milliseconds and capitalizing on minuscule price discrepancies. AI models provide objective perspectives, free from cognitive biases and human emotions, leading to optimal investment decisions.

AI offers personalized financial recommendations, considering individual preferences, financial goals, and risk tolerance. AI models analyze historical market data and volatility, adjusting portfolios in real-time to align with changing market conditions and suggesting diversification strategies to mitigate potential risk.

Warfare and Defence

The significance of AI in modern warfare is growing rapidly. The Responsible Use Of Artificial Intelligence In The Military Domain (REAIM) conference in Seoul highlighted the need for responsible AI deployment. AI applications in warfare include autonomous weapons systems, predictive maintenance, intelligence gathering, cyber warfare, and command and control.

Israeli forces have utilized AI-powered programs such as ”Lavender” and ”The Gospel” to detect enemy movements and monitor enemy territory using AI-powered drones. AI-enhanced sensors improve battlefield awareness, and AI-driven tools detect and respond to cyber threats. Military experts have opined that AI will be instrumental in creating ‘super soldiers’ or military robots in future.

Revolutionising the Gaming Industry

AI has already transformed the gaming industry, with remastering old games using AI being a notable trend. AI algorithms enhance graphics, upscale textures, and improve lighting. AI generates new textures based on original game assets and recreates 3D models from 2D assets.

Famous remastered games using AI include GTA San Andreas (Definitive Edition), Resident Evil series, and Call of Duty series.

As AI continues to expand into new sectors, it drives innovation, creates new opportunities, and demands specialized skills. The responsible development and deployment of AI remain crucial across industries.

Accelerating Human Progress and Growth

The adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) continues to accelerate, fostering innovative opportunities and skills. As the culmination of human intelligence and potential, AI relentlessly reshapes the world. AI’s pervasive integration across industries expedites workflows, boosting efficiency and productivity. This surge in AI adoption has sparked unprecedented demand for AI-specialized professionals, fueling a significant expansion in the AI job market. In response, esteemed universities worldwide have introduced cutting-edge AI courses, equipping the next generation with the expertise to harness AI’s transformative power.

As AI assumes a pivotal role in driving human progress, its potential to revolutionize the world becomes increasingly evident. By embracing AI’s limitless possibilities, we can propel societal advancement, redefining the future of various industries and disciplines in the world of tomorrow. Artificial Intelligence has proven itself to be the driving force behind technological advancements and global progress in the 21st century.

ALSO READ: Starling Bank warns of AI voice cloning scams  

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INDIA’S NEXT SPACE LEAP: Chandrayaan-4, Venus Orbiter & RLV

Chandrayaan-4 mission is a step towards a manned lunar mission scheduled for 2040; Venus Orbiter Mission slated for launch in March 2028; New Reusable Low-cost Launch Vehicle is integral to India’s plans for future crewed lunar missions and the operation of the proposed Bharatiya Antariksh Station.

In a series of ambitious approvals, the Indian Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has set the stage for a significant leap in space exploration and technology development. The new initiatives, announced after a meeting on Wednesday (September 18, 2024), include the Chandrayaan-4 mission to the Moon, a scientific mission to Venus, and the development of a next-generation reusable launch vehicle.

India’s Chandrayaan-4 Mission 
Building on the success of Chandrayaan-3, the Indian government has sanctioned the Chandrayaan-4 mission, a continuation of India’s lunar exploration program. The mission, costing Rs. 2104.06 crore aims to develop and demonstrate technologies essential for landing on the Moon and safely returning to Earth. These technologies include docking/undocking, landing, lunar sample collection, and safe return maneuvers.

Expected to be completed within 36 months, Chandrayaan-4 will engage various Indian industries and academia, significantly boosting employment and leading to technological spillovers into other sectors. This mission is not only a step towards a manned lunar mission scheduled for 2040 but also towards establishing a permanent Indian presence in space as envisioned with the proposed Indian Space Station by 2035.



Venus Orbiter Mission in 2028
Following lunar and Martian explorations, India is now setting its sights on Venus with the approval of the Venus Orbiter Mission (VOM). With a budget of Rs. 1236 crore, the VOM is designed to orbit Venus and delve into its atmospheric conditions and geological features. The mission, slated for launch in March 2028, aims to enhance our understanding of how planetary environments evolve, offering insights into Earth’s own environmental trajectory.

The data from VOM will be shared with the global scientific community, facilitating a deeper understanding of Venus, often referred to as Earth’s “sister planet” due to its similar size and proximity. This mission is expected to pave the way for future planetary missions and foster significant involvement from the Indian industrial and academic sectors.



New Reusable Low-cost Launch Vehicle
The Cabinet has also green-lighted the development of a Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV), a project that marks a significant milestone in India’s space ambitions. This new launch vehicle will be capable of carrying payloads up to 30 tonnes to Low Earth Orbit (LEO), tripling the current capacity and incorporating reusability to reduce costs.

With a total fund allocation of Rs. 8240.00 crore, the NGLV project includes three development flights and is expected to take 96 months to complete. The development of this vehicle is integral to India’s plans for future crewed lunar missions and the operation of the proposed Bharatiya Antariksh Station.

These new initiatives by the Indian government highlight a strategic and forward-looking approach to space exploration and technology. By investing in advanced missions to the Moon and Venus and developing cutting-edge launch vehicles, India is poised to significantly enhance its stature in the global space community while driving technological innovation and economic growth at home. These missions will not only deepen our understanding of the universe but also ensure India’s continued prominence in the rapidly evolving space sector.

Expanding scope of Gaganyaan

In a major leap forward for India’s space exploration ambitions, the Union Cabinet has approved the construction of the Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS), or the Indian Space Station, to take scientific research to the next level. The Union Cabinet also gave its nod to the Chandrayaan-4 mission to the Moon, a scientific mission to Venus, and the development of a next-generation reusable launch vehicle.

The vision for space in the years to come envisages the creation of an operational Bharatiya Antariksh Station by 2035 and an Indian Crewed Lunar Mission by 2040. 

“Great news for the space sector! The Union Cabinet has approved the first step towards the Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS), expanding the Gaganyaan programme! This landmark decision brings us closer to a self-sustained space station by 2035 and a crewed lunar mission by 2040!” Prime Minister Narendra Modi posted on social media platform X, formerly Twitter. 

The union cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Modi approved the building of the first unit of the Bharatiya Antariksh Station by extending the scope of the ongoing Gaganyaan program. Wednesday’s approval covers development of the first module of Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS-1) and missions to demonstrate and validate various technologies for building and operating BAS. 

A national space-based facility such as the Bharatiya Antariksh Station will boost microgravity based scientific research & technology development activities. This will lead to technological spin-offs and encourage innovations in key areas of research and development, an official statement said.



Revision in the Gaganyaan Programme will include the scope of development and precursor missions for BAS, and factoring one additional uncrewed mission and additional hardware requirement for the developments of ongoing programme. Now the human spaceflight program of technology development and demonstration is through eight missions to be completed by December 2028 by launching the first unit of BAS-1.

The Gaganyaan Programme approved in December 2018 envisages undertaking a human spaceflight to Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and to lay the foundation of technologies needed for an Indian human space exploration programme in the long run. 

“All leading space faring nations are making considerable efforts & investments to develop & operationalize capabilities that are required for long duration human space missions and further exploration to Moon and beyond,” the official statement noted.

The target of the Gaganyaan Programme is to develop and demonstrate critical technologies for long duration human space missions. To achieve this goal, ISRO will undertake four missions under ongoing Gaganyaan Programme by 2026 and development of first module of BAS & four missions for demonstration & validation of various technologies for BAS by December, 2028.

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UK celebrates 70 years of science breakthroughs at CERN

CERN is the world’s foremost centre for particle physics research, and has made an unrivalled contribution to our understanding of the universe…reports Asian Lite News

The government and leading figures from the physics community gave their backing to Professor Mark Thomson’s vision for the future of CERN, as the global science community marks the institution’s 70th anniversary over the coming weeks.

CERN is the world’s foremost centre for particle physics research, and has made an unrivalled contribution to our understanding of the universe.

UK is one of the 12 founding members of CERN and is its second-largest financial backer. We are proud to have been a critical contributor to all major experiments and discoveries at CERN, including the landmark discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012, with many UK researchers holding influential senior scientific positions in the organisation.

Breakthroughs made at CERN have quite literally changed the world. It was the birthplace of the World Wide Web – the brainchild of British scientist Sir Tim Berners-Lee – and advances in particle accelerator technology developed there have opened up new ways of treating cancer. CERN is proof that backing curiosity-driven science leads to innovations that deliver new jobs, new businesses, and ultimately economic growth and a better quality of life for everyone.

CERN’s anniversary comes at a critical time for its future, as a new Director-General for CERN will be selected this Autumn, following a vote amongst the organisation’s member states. Renowned Cambridge University particle physicist Professor Mark Thomson is the UK’s candidate for the role, running on a platform to develop a strategic plan for CERN’s upcoming major investment decisions, strengthen links with all of CERN’s member states, and building an inclusive culture for CERN staff.

UK Science and Technology Secretary, Peter Kyle, said, “We can aim higher and go further when we work together, and nowhere is that truer than at CERN. I am proud of the role the UK has played in CERN, going all the way back to its foundation 70 years ago, bringing some of Europe and the world’s greatest minds together at the absolute cutting edge of scientific endeavour. CERN’s value to the whole world cannot be overstated. It needs a leader with the scientific credentials, experience, and vision to ensure it keeps pushing forward the frontiers of human knowledge. Professor Mark Thomson has all three: he is the outstanding candidate to ensure a bright future for CERN, for everyone.”

UK Science Minister, Lord Vallance, said, “Science is fundamentally international, and so much of what CERN has achieved over the last 70 years is thanks to how it reaches across borders, to bring some of physics’ brightest and best together in shared endeavour. While we celebrate CERN’s remarkable past, we owe it to future generations everywhere to plan carefully for what’s to come. Professor Mark Thomson has the vision and the credentials to deliver a bright future for CERN itself, its members, and all the researchers who deliver its work.”

CERN faces decisions in the coming years that will shape its future profoundly – including the delivery of a major upgrade to the Large Hadron Collider.

If elected, Professor Thomson would develop an ambitious strategic plan for how CERN develops and makes major investment decisions over the next five years, would strengthen links with all of CERN’s member states, and would build an inclusive and supportive culture for CERN staff.

He has the exceptional scientific credentials and the experience required, to make a success of the role. Professor Thomson currently leads a scientific organisation of similar size and budget to CERN, the UK’s Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), and is one of the most accomplished particle physicists of his generation, including more than two decades of experience in working on CERN projects.

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Identify, remove obstacles in research ecosystem: PM Modi

PM Modi called on the research community to set “big targets, focus on attaining them and doing path-breaking research”….reports Asian Lite News

Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Tuesday stressed on the need to identify and remove obstacles in the research ecosystem of the country.

He said this while chairing the first meeting of the Governing Board of the newly-formed Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF) at his residence at Lok Kalyan Marg earlier on Tuesday.

The foundation was established under the ANRF Act of 2023, to regulate all research and development in natural sciences establishments in India.

The first meeting focussed on discussion about India’s Science and Technology landscape and redesigning of research and development programmes.

“Research should focus on finding new solutions to existing problems,” he said, emphasising the need to find localised solutions to global problems.

He called on the research community to set “big targets, focus on attaining them and doing path-breaking research”.

The Prime Minister also discussed the “need for upgradation and standardisation of institutions”, to create a dashboard to easily track the ongoing research and development in the country and also suggested preparing a list of domain experts on the basis of their expertise.

“The scientific community of the country should have faith that there will be no dearth of resources for their endeavours,” said PM Modi, while stressing on the need for scientific monitoring of utilisation of resources.

Further, he suggested grading of Atal Tinkering Labs, and discussed the need for research “in environment change, battery ingredients for EVs, lab-grown diamonds”.

The governing body also decided to launch a programme to “pair universities where research is at a nascent stage with top tier established institutions in mentorship mode”.

Meanwhile, the ANRF is expected to “launch programmes in select priority areas like EV mobility, advanced materials, solar cells, smart infrastructure, health and medical technology, sustainable agriculture, and photonics”.

The meeting also decided to launch Centres of Excellence to support interdisciplinary research in humanities and social sciences.

ANRF acts as an apex body to provide high-level strategic direction of scientific research in the country as per recommendations of the National Education Policy.

The meeting of the foundation also deliberated upon redesigning of research and development programmes.

The ANRF has been established to promote research and development and also foster a culture of research and innovation throughout India’s universities, research institutions, and R&D laboratories.

Over the years, it seeks to launch programmes based on solution-focussed approach in mission mode in select priority areas.

The meeting also discussed several areas of strategic interventions of ANRF which include global positioning of India in key sectors, aligning R&D with national priorities, promoting inclusive growth, capacity building, driving scientific advances and innovation ecosystem, as well as bridging the gap between academic research and industrial applications through industry-aligned translational research.

The Governing Body also directed the ANRF to align its strategies with the goals of Viksit Bharat 2047.

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Two ISRO astronauts to begin NASA training in August

An ISRO official mentioned that while the astronauts have received general spacefaring training in India, much of their focus has been on Gaganyaan-specific modules…reports Asian Lite News

Two Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) astronauts are set to begin their training for the Gaganyaan mission with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in August this year. The training will take place at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Texas and is a significant milestone in the collaboration between the two space agencies. These astronauts are part of a group of four designated test pilots from the Indian Air Force, selected for this mission.

An ISRO official mentioned that while the astronauts have received general spacefaring training in India, much of their focus has been on Gaganyaan-specific modules. To prepare for the upcoming mission, they will need to become familiar with the International Space Station (ISS) modules and protocols during their time at NASA.

After completing their training in Texas, one of these astronauts will join the upcoming Indo-US space mission to the ISS. This collaboration was highlighted during Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s state visit to the US in June 2023, where President Joe Biden announced that NASA would train Indian astronauts for this mission.

The crewed Indo-US space mission is scheduled for launch by the end of 2024. Despite some reports suggesting potential delays, US Ambassador to India Eric Garcetti confirmed that the mission is set to proceed by the end of this year. The mission will utilize SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket and Crew Dragon capsule, with operations managed by Axiom Space. This mission, known as Axiom-4, is designed to transport Indian astronauts to the ISS for a 14-day stay and marks the fourth private astronaut mission conducted by NASA in collaboration with Axiom Space.

This mission is particularly significant for India as it marks the country’s return to crewed spaceflight since Rakesh Sharma’s historic journey aboard Soyuz T-11 to the Soviet Salyut-7 Space Station in April 1984. The training and the Indo-US mission are preparatory steps for India’s Gaganyaan space programme, which aims to launch a human-carrying spacecraft to Earth orbit and ensure its safe return. This mission will be India’s first indigenous crewed spaceflight.

However, India’s human spaceflight is expected to be delayed until at least 2025, as the initial unmanned mission is yet to commence. The manned mission will only proceed after the successful completion of two unmanned flights. Additionally, India’s GSLV Mk2 rocket is set to launch the Indo-US satellite NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar) by late 2024 or early 2025. NISAR will play a crucial role in monitoring Earth’s vital signs, contributing to climate change research and natural disaster evaluations.

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Nalanda, which gave ‘ZERO’ to the world

Established in the 5th century by King Kumargupta of the Gupta empire, Nalanda became a beacon of intellectual excellence and its teachings formed the bedrock of modern-day science and technology, writes Ranjit Kumar

The scholars were overwhelmed with emotion as they witnessed the inauguration on June 19 by the Prime Minister Narendra Modi, of the newly established campus complex at the renowned ancient University of Nalanda.


This significant occasion marked the revival of an ancient institution, adding a sense of historical significance to the event. The event served as a poignant reminder of the university’s prestigious past and the promising future that lay ahead.


History of Nalanda University

The ancient university of Nalanda, located in present-day Bihar, was not only the oldest but also the largest residential university in the world.


With a student population of over 10,000 and a teaching faculty of 2000, Nalanda was a thriving centre for various fields of study including mathematics, astronomy, medicine, religion, philosophy, and science. Its significance in the realm of knowledge cannot be overstated.


Established in the fifth century by King Kumargupta of the Gupta empire, Nalanda became a beacon of intellectual excellence and its teachings formed the bedrock of modern-day science and technology.


The university’s rich legacy is still evident today and it has been recognized as a UNESCO world heritage site.


Tragically, Nalanda met its untimely demise in the 12th century when it was ravaged and set ablaze by the Turko-Afghan invader Bakhtiyar Khilji.


The destruction was catastrophic, with the university campus, along with its vast collection of over 9 million books and numerous buildings, burning for a period of six months.


Testament of ancient Indian education system

Prime Minister Narendra Modi aptly stated in his inaugural speech, while buildings can be destroyed, knowledge cannot. The knowledge that emanated from Nalanda has had a profound impact on the development of mankind.

It was at Nalanda that the concept of ‘Zero’ was developed under the guidance of the renowned astronomer Aryabhata, who played a pivotal role in steering the university to international acclaim.

The fame of Nalanda attracted scholars and students from all corners of the world, including the renowned Chinese traveller Huen Tsang, who spent two years at the university during his visit to India from 630 to 643 AD.

The story of Nalanda serves as a testament to the achievements of the ancient Indian education system. Its ruins stand as a reminder of the intellectual prowess and the pursuit of knowledge that characterized the university.

As a UNESCO world heritage site, Nalanda should inspire Indian leadership to transform the country into a global hub for knowledge and education.

The legacy of Nalanda continues to resonate, and its teachings have laid the foundation for the advancements in various fields that we witness in the present day.

The destruction of Nalanda may have been a tragedy, but its enduring impact on the world of knowledge is a testament to the indomitable spirit of human intellect.

Revival of Nalanda University

Nalanda’s rich history is primarily known through the detailed accounts provided by Huen Tsang, who vividly described the life and times of the university.

It is fascinating to note that Nalanda University was established more than 500 years prior to the founding of the University of Oxford in 1096 AD in England. The sheer magnitude of this time gap highlights the immense significance and antiquity of Nalanda as an educational institution.

While it would be an arduous task to replicate the teaching and research traditions, as well as the exceptional facilities that once thrived at Nalanda, the Government of India, in collaboration with 17 member countries of the East Asia organization, has made a commendable effort to revive the unique traditions established by the university’s management.

The revived University of Nalanda, situated near the ruins of the original university complex, aspires to foster an international atmosphere.

 The inspiration to revive this educational and learning complex was initiated by the esteemed former President, Dr. Abdul Kalam.

The first concrete step towards reviving the university was taken during the 2007 East Asia summit held in the Philippines, where a proposal to restart the university with international collaboration was endorsed.

Although teaching initially commenced with a small faculty in a rented complex in 2014, the University has now unveiled a sprawling complex spanning 455 acres, capable of accommodating 7500 students and teachers.

The architects have meticulously endeavoured to recreate the architectural and geographical essence that the ancient University would have provided.


Symbol of India’ academic heritage

During the inauguration of this grand complex, Prime Minister Modi, in the presence of Dr. S. Jayshankar, the Minister of External Affairs, and ambassadors from 17 countries, expressed his belief that the rebuilding of the ancient university would herald a golden era for India.

The Prime Minister lauded the rich history of Nalanda, emphasizing its significance as a symbol of India’s academic heritage and vibrant cultural exchange. He further emphasized that Nalanda’s revival is not merely a renaissance of India’s cultural past, but also a testament to the shared heritage of numerous countries connected to this esteemed place.

The Prime Minister’s words underscore the profound impact and global relevance of Nalanda University, making it a beacon of knowledge and cultural exchange for the world to admire.

Dr Jayshankar emphasized the significance of the revival of the global bridge of learning in his address. He expressed his belief that this bridge has the potential to foster relationships that surpass those of the past.

This momentous occasion filled India with pride and a sense of history. Through this university, the world will gain insight into India’s rich knowledge traditions and its invaluable contributions to various fields such as mathematics, astronomy, science and technology, religion, and philosophy.


Conclusion

India was not only home to Nalanda University but also boasts numerous other ancient universities that have stood the test of time for thousands of years.

One such example is the Takshashila University, established in 700 BCE, which is considered the oldest Indian university and is located in present-day Pakistan.

Scholars from various regions flocked to Takshashila to study subjects like mathematics, law, medicine, and philosophy.

Another notable rival of Nalanda was the Vikramshila University, which attracted students from India, Tibet, China, and other regions. Additionally, lesser-known universities like Pushpagiri University, Valabhi University, Odantapuri University, and Jagaddala Mahavihara also flourished during this era.


The new complex of Nalanda University currently houses six schools, each specializing in different fields of study. These schools include Historical Studies, Ecology and Environmental Studies, Buddhist Studies, Philosophy and Comparative Religion, Languages and Literature, Humanities, and Management Studies and International Relations.


It is worth mentioning that the university has garnered international participation, with 17 other nations, including Australia, New Zealand, Portugal, Singapore, South Korea, Sri Lanka, and Thailand, actively involved in its programs and initiatives.
 
(The writer is a senior journalist and strategic affairs analyst; views expressed here are his own) – India News Network

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ISRO astronauts set for NASA training in Houston

NASA. (Photo: Twitter/@@NASA)

NASA will have a hand in training two Indian astronauts, one of whom will fly to the International Space Station (ISS) late this year. …reports Asian Lite News

Marking a significant milestone in the India-US space partnership and space exploration, the two countries concluded the Strategic Framework for Human Spaceflight Cooperation to deepen interoperability in space and are working toward commencing advanced training for ISRO astronauts at the NASA Johnson Space Center, the first-ever joint effort between NASA and ISRO astronauts at the International Space Station.

A fact sheet issued by the US and India on Monday after the iCET Dialogue between US National Security Adviser (NSA) Jake Sullivan and National Security Advisor Ajit read, “Celebrating the conclusion of a Strategic Framework for Human Spaceflight Cooperation to deepen interoperability in space and work toward commencing advanced training for ISRO astronauts at the NASA Johnson Space Center.”

NASA will have a hand in training two Indian astronauts, one of whom will fly to the International Space Station (ISS) late this year. ISRO chairman S Somanath had earlier said that ISRO will likely select four astronauts for training.

Notably, India’s planned space station is called the Bharatiya Antariksha Station. It will be built by India and operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The station is expected to be completed by 2035. NASA plans to decommission the ISS by 2031.

The Indian space station will be smaller than the International Space Station (ISS). It will have a mass of 20 tonnes (ISS – 450 tonnes and Chinese Tiangong Space Station – 100 tonnes) and will be used for microgravity experiments. It will orbit Earth at an altitude of around 400km.

Meanwhile, the fact sheet issued by the US and India after the iCET Dialogue said that the two sides are also exploring opportunities to participate in the Lunar Gateway Programme.

“Exploring opportunities for India’s participation in the Lunar Gateway Program, as well as joint avenues for collaboration in other space technologies,” read the fact sheet.

The Lunar Gateway represents a significant leap in human space exploration, offering a versatile platform for lunar surface missions, scientific research, and preparation for future deep-space endeavours spearheaded by US.

Artemis intends to establish a long-term base on the Moon (Artemis base), and the Lunar Gateway will serve as a multi-purpose outpost that orbits the Moon. The Gateway is a multinational project involving four of the International Space Station partner agencies: NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), Japan’s Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA).

The Gateway Station is similar to the International Space Station currently in low Earth orbit, but the Gateway will orbit the Moon. Incidentally, the Gateway will be the first space station ever to exist outside of low Earth orbit or LEO.

The fact sheet also noted that the space agencies of the two countries are preparing for the launch of the NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar, a jointly developed satellite that will map the entirety of the Earth’s surface twice every 12 days as part of efforts to combat climate change and other global challenges together.

NISAR will be the first radar imaging satellite to use dual frequencies. The mission will survey all of Earth’s land and ice-covered surfaces every 12 days. It has a three-year duration. The main aim of the NISAR satellite is to observe the most complex natural processes of the planet, including ecosystem disturbances, ice-sheet collapse, as well as earthquakes, volcanoes and landslides.

The iCET talks also saw the launch of a new partnership between the US Space Force and the Indian startups — 114ai and 3rdiTech — including on advancing space situational awareness, data fusion technologies, and infra-red sensor semiconductor manufacturing.

“Launching a new partnership between the US Space Force and the Indian startups, 114ai and 3rdiTech, including on advancing space situational awareness, data fusion technologies, and infra-red sensor semiconductor manufacturing,” read the fact sheet.

The two sides welcomed India’s observation of the US Space Command’s Global Sentinel Exercise at Vandenburg Space Force Base in February and its return as a participant in the exercise in 2025. “Welcoming India’s observation of the U.S. Space Command’s Global Sentinel Exercise at Vandenburg Space Force Base in February and its return as a participant in the exercise in 2025.”

The key points that were highlighted in the fact sheet were Significant Funding Commitments, NASA-ISRO Collaboration, Defence Space Technology, Telecommunications Advances, Semiconductor Partnership, and Quantum and AI Cooperation amongst many.

“Strengthening defence space cooperation through the second Advanced Domains Defense Dialogue held at the Pentagon in May 2024, which featured an India-US space table-top exercise and included bilateral expert exchanges on emerging domains including artificial intelligence,” the fact sheet added. (ANI)

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NASA awards over $10mn to 7 firms for Mars mission

Once completed, NASA aims to assess all studies to consider alterations or enhancements to the Mars Sample Return architecture….reports Asian Lite News

NASA on Saturday announced a grant of about $1.5 million each to seven companies for studies exploring more affordable and faster methods for the Mars sample return mission.

The companies, which include Lockheed Martin, SpaceX, Blue Origin, Quantum Space, and Northrop Grumman, will conduct ten three-month-long studies.

In addition, NASA centres, NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California, and Johns Hopkins’ Applied Physics Laboratory are also producing studies.

Once completed, NASA aims to assess all studies to consider alterations or enhancements to the Mars Sample Return architecture.

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson said that the Mars sample return mission “will be one of the most complex” that the US space agency has undertaken. He said, “It is critical to carry it out more quickly, with less risk, and at a lower cost.”

“I’m excited to see the vision that these companies, centres, and partners present as we look for fresh, exciting, and innovative ideas to uncover great cosmic secrets from the Red Planet,” Nelson said.

NASA has been engaging in several missions over the last century to determine the early history of Mars and to understand the formation and evolution of habitable worlds, including Earth.

NASA’s Mars Sample Return is a strategic partnership with ESA (the European Space Agency) that has been a long-term goal of international planetary exploration for the past two decades.

Apollo 8 astronaut Anders dies

Former US astronaut William Anders, who was part of the Apollo 8 mission which saw the first crew orbit the moon in 1968, has died in a plane crash north-west of Seattle, US media reported on Friday citing his son. Anders was 90 years old.

He was flying alone in a small aircraft when it went down off the coast of Washington state, according to the reports. Authorities have launched an investigation into the cause of the crash.

During the Apollo 8 mission, Anders took the famous Earthrise photo which depicts the moon with the Earth “rising” in space in the background. The image has been credited with changing human perception of the planet and became a symbol for Earth’s fragility. Some even consider it to be the origin of today’s environmental movements.

“Anders offered to humanity among the deepest of gifts an astronaut can give,” NASA chief Bill Nelson wrote on X.

“He traveled to the threshold of the Moon and helped all of us see something else: ourselves. He embodied the lessons and the purpose of exploration. We will miss him.”

Following his NASA career, Anders served as US presidential adviser and US ambassador. He also worked for different nuclear energy and aviation companies, among others.

Most recently, Anders lived on the San Juan Islands off Washington state on the US north-west coast. He was married and had six children.

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Sunita Williams Dances to ISS on Starliner’s Maiden Crew Flight

The spacecraft was launched on a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket from Space Launch Complex-41 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida…reports Asian Lite News

Indian-origin NASA astronaut Sunita Williams danced her way to the International Space Station (ISS) in the early hours on Friday, as the Boeing Starliner spacecraft successfully docked to the orbital laboratory.

Along with NASA astronauts Butch Wilmore, she will spend about a week at the ISS.

“Docking confirmed! @BoeingSpace’s Starliner docked to the forward-facing port of the @Space_Station’s Harmony module. NASA astronauts Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams will spend about a week. That feeling when you’re back on the station!” NASA said in a post on X.

Later, the seven Expedition 71 crew members gathered with the two crew flight test members for a team portrait aboard the space station.

The spacecraft was launched on a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket from Space Launch Complex-41 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida.

As part of the agency’s Commercial Crew Programme, the mission is the first crewed flight for the Starliner spacecraft.

The Starliner mission aims to carry astronauts and cargo for future NASA missions to low Earth orbit, and beyond.

The crew flight test aims to certify the spacecraft for routine space travel to and from the space station.

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