Rising incidence of autoimmune diseases among women cause for major concern
Dr Rajeev Gupta, Director – Internal Medicine at the CK Birla Hospital (R), Delhi told IANS that hormonal influence and chromosomal differences are the two main reasons why autoimmune diseases are more common in women…reports Asian Lite News
Age, genetic and hormonal factors may explain why women are disproportionately affected by autoimmune diseases than men, said experts on Wednesday.
Autoimmune disease occurs when the immune system attacks the body’s tissues. Studies show that the condition affects approximately 8 per cent of people worldwide, of which 78 per cent are women.
Dr Rajeev Gupta, Director – Internal Medicine at the CK Birla Hospital (R), Delhi told IANS that hormonal influence and chromosomal differences are the two main reasons why autoimmune diseases are more common in women.
“Women experience significant hormonal fluctuations throughout their lives, particularly during puberty, pregnancy, and menopause. These changes, especially in oestrogen levels, may influence the immune system and make women more susceptible to mistakenly attacking healthy tissues (autoimmunity),” the doctor said.
Regarding chromosomes, women have two X, while men have one X and one Y.
“One theory suggests that the process of inactivating one X chromosome in each female cell might be incomplete sometimes. This could lead to an overabundance of certain genes on the active X chromosome, potentially triggering an overactive immune response and autoimmunity,” Dr Rajeev said.
“Autoimmune disorders in women may be due to the silencing of their second X chromosome by molecules leading to a confusing immune system. This can explain why conditions like multiple sclerosis and lupus are more common in women than men,” added Dr Yathish G C, Lead Consultant – Rheumatology, Aster Whitefield Hospital, Bengaluru.
Commonly, autoimmune diseases become more prevalent after a woman’s thirties, coinciding with hormonal changes associated with ageing.
However, some autoimmune diseases can occur at any age.
“Some like multiple sclerosis usually begin between the ages of 20 and 40 years whereas others such as rheumatoid arthritis start manifesting later in the 40s or early in 50s,” Dr Yathish told.
Dr Harman Singh, Consultant Rheumatologist, Fortis Hospital, Kalyan noted a dramatic rise in autoimmune illnesses, notably among women aged 50 and above.
The experts called for adopting healthy lifestyle practices such as a balanced diet, stopping smoking, avoiding alcohol, stress reduction techniques, being physically fit, and avoiding environmental pollutants.
Consume adequate fibre as it aids digestion and helps maintain cholesterol levels. Also, focus on calcium and vitamin D-rich foods to promote bone health and prevent osteoporosis…writes Lothungbeni Humtsoe
Just as the chapters of our lives unfold, so do the dietary requirements that support our well-being. It is important to be acquainted with the intricacies of nutrition tailored to different decades and the essentials of what to eat in your 20s, 30s, 40s, and beyond.
“Maintaining proper nutrition is essential at every stage of life. As we age, our dietary needs change, requiring adjustments to our eating habits to ensure optimal health and well-being. From the energetic 20s to the seasoned 40s and the graceful golden years, our bodies evolve significantly, and so do our nutritional necessities. Each stage presents unique challenges and opportunities, demanding a unique approach to sustaining health, energy, and vitality. As we navigate through the ever-changing landscape of life, understanding how to nourish ourselves appropriately becomes a powerful tool in enhancing longevity and improving quality of life”, says Dietitian Yashika Dua, a Consultant, at Artemis Lite in Sec 82 Gurugram
So let’s dive into the nutritional requirements for individuals in their 20s, 30s, 40s, and beyond, and gain valuable insights into what we should eat to support overall vitality and longevity outlined by Dietitian Yashika Dua.
The Roaring 20s: Building a strong foundation
In our 20s, our bodies are still in their prime, and good nutrition forms the ground for a healthy future. People in their 20s should eat a balanced diet that includes all major food groups: lean proteins, whole grains, healthy fats, fruits, and vegetables. Calcium-rich foods like dairy products and leafy greens aid in attaining peak bone mass, which is crucial in the 20s. Omega-3 fatty acids found in fatty fish, flaxseeds, and walnuts must also be consumed as they are essential for brain health and may help in reducing inflammation.
Thriving 30s: Sustaining energy and wellness
As we step into our 30s, our metabolisms begin to slightly slow down. In the 30s, we should focus on maintaining a healthy weight and supporting sustained energy levels. Complex carbohydrates like quinoa, brown rice, and sweet potatoes provide long-lasting energy. Adequate protein intake becomes essential to preserve muscle mass, especially for those leading active lifestyles. In the 30s, incorporate a variety of colourful vegetables and fruits to draw benefits from a spectrum of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.
Fabulous 40s
Prioritising heart and bone health, entering into the 40s brings about changes in hormone levels and a gradual decrease in muscle mass. Heart health demands prime focus in the 40s, so opt for lean protein sources like poultry, fish, beans, and legumes. Healthy fats from sources like avocados, nuts, and olive oil support cardiovascular well-being. Consume adequate fibre as it aids digestion and helps maintain cholesterol levels. Also, focus on calcium and vitamin D-rich foods to promote bone health and prevent osteoporosis.
Beyond 50s: Nourishing for longevity
As we move beyond our 50s, our bodies require even more care to maintain vitality and prevent age-related problems. Keep protein intake consistent to prevent muscle loss. Consider incorporating plant-based proteins like tofu and tempeh, which may have additional health benefits. Omega-3s continue to play an important role in brain health, and foods like walnuts, chia seeds, and fatty fish remain valuable. Hydration becomes more important, as the sensation of thirst tends to diminish with age.
Golden years and beyond: Adaptation and enjoyment
In the golden years, nutritional needs become highly individualised. Caloric requirements may decrease, but the need for nutrients persists. Adequate fibre, obtained from whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, helps in combating problems like constipation and supports gut health. Antioxidant-rich foods like berries and leafy greens can contribute to reducing inflammation and supporting the immune system.
The common thread: Hydration, moderation, and mindfulness
Irrespective of age, some principles remain constant. Hydration is essential for all stages of life; drinking sufficient water supports digestion, circulation, and overall bodily functions. Portion control and moderation help in managing weight and preventing overeating. Practising mindful eating, which involves paying attention to hunger cues and savouring each bite, fosters a healthy relationship with food and helps in maintaining good health.
Nutrition is a lifelong journey, and each stage of life brings its own set of nutritional requirements. From building a strong foundation in your 20s to nourishing for longevity in your 50s and beyond, a well-balanced diet plays a pivotal role in maintaining overall health and wellness. By making informed dietary choices and adapting to the changing requirements at each stage of life, individuals can enjoy robust health throughout their lives. You can also consult with a healthcare professional or registered dietitian to personalise your nutritional approach based on individual health conditions and goals.
