In contrast, fossil fuels received US$1.3 trillion in subsidies in 2022, equivalent to the annual investment required in renewable generation capacity to achieve a threefold increase by 2030…reports Asian Lite News
A new report released by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) confirms that achieving the global target set at COP28 to triple renewable power capacity by 2030 relies heavily on establishing conducive conditions for such growth. Tripling renewable power capacity by 2030 is technically feasible and economically viable, but its delivery requires determination, policy support and investment at scale.
The report titled ‘Tracking COP28 outcomes: Tripling renewable power capacity by 2030’ highlights that 2023 has set a new record in renewable deployment, adding 473 gigawatts (GW) to the global energy mix.
However, the brief by the IRENA concludes that tripling renewable power capacity depends on overcoming systemic and structural barriers to the energy transition.
Evolving policies, geopolitical shifts and declining costs have all played a role in propelling the rapid expansion of renewable energy in markets worldwide. Yet, to triple renewable power capacity, concerted efforts are required to enhance infrastructure, policies and workforce capabilities, underpinned by increased financing and closer international cooperation, as outlined in IRENA’s World Energy Transitions Outlook brief presented at the Berlin Energy Transitions Dialogue today.
An average of almost 1,100 GW of renewables capacity must be installed annually by 2030 – more than double the record set in 2023. Annual investments in renewable power generation must surge from US$570 billion in 2023 to $1550 billion on average between 2024 and 2030.
Francesco La Camera, Director-General of IRENA, said, “In the wake of the historic UAE Consensus on tripling renewables at COP28, these capacity additions – despite setting a new record – clearly indicate that achieving the target is far from guaranteed. As the custodian agency, IRENA monitors related progress across key indicators every year. Our data confirms that progress continues to fall short, and the energy transition remains off track. We urgently need a systemic shift away from fossil fuels to course-correct and keep the tripling goal within reach.”
The report says that achieving the tripling target is far from assured as an additional 7.2 terawatts (TW) of renewable power would need to be deployed to reach the required 11 TW by 2030. However, current projections indicate the target will remain out of reach without urgent policy intervention. G20 nations, for example, must grow their renewable capacity from under 3 TW in 2022 to 9.4 TW by 2030, accounting for over 80% of the global total.
The report adds that accelerated investments in infrastructure and system operations (e.g. power grids, storage), revised policies and regulations (e.g. power market design and streamlined permitting), measures to fortify supply chains and cultivate requisite skills, and substantial increases in investments—including public funds facilitated through international collaboration—are imperative.
Despite considerable renewable potential, developing countries have received disproportionately low levels of investment. The report noted that although energy transition-related investments have reached a record high, exceeding $2 trillion in 2023, emerging markets and developing economies accounted for just over half of global investments. One hundred and twenty developing nations attracted only 15% of global renewable investment, with Sub-Saharan Africa receiving less than 1.5%, despite being home to the highest share of energy-deprived populations.
In contrast, fossil fuels received US$1.3 trillion in subsidies in 2022, equivalent to the annual investment required in renewable generation capacity to achieve a threefold increase by 2030. A key aspect of IRENA’s 1.5°C Scenario is that the increase in renewable energy use must be coupled with a corresponding decline in fossil fuel reliance. Both aspects are lagging. G20 members alone disbursed a record US$1.4 trillion in public funds to bolster fossil fuels in 2022, directly contradicting the commitment made at COP28 to transition away from fossil fuels.
IRENA report added that greater international cooperation will be indispensable to ensure financial flows to the Global South and uphold the tripling pledge. Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa face some of the world’s highest finance costs, underscoring the need for enhanced international collaboration, including the involvement of multilateral development banks and an expanded role for public finance.
In conclusion, the report says that the strategic use of public finance is paramount to attract investment at scale and deliver an inclusive energy transition that yields socioeconomic benefits for all. This requires structural reforms, including within multilateral finance mechanisms, to effectively support the energy transition in developing countries.
The decision marks a pivotal moment, solidifying a global consensus on the integral role of nature in climate action…reports Asian Lite News
In a pivotal development at the 2023 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP28), the Global Stocktake on December 13 emphasized the critical role of nature and ecosystems in the global strategy against climate change. This landmark decision, championed by Razan Khalifa Al Mubarak, the UN Climate Change High-Level Champion for COP28, marked a significant turning point in the inclusion of biodiversity and natural environments in climate action discussions.
The decision marks a pivotal moment, solidifying a global consensus on the integral role of nature in climate action. It underscores the need to harness the inherent power of ecosystems, such as forests, oceans, mountains, and the cryosphere, in mitigating climate impacts and enhancing resilience. This approach aligns with the concept of ‘living in harmony with nature’, a principle deeply rooted in the practices and beliefs of Indigenous Peoples and local communities worldwide.
Razan Al Mubarak, the UN Climate Change High-Level Champion for COP28 emphasised, “COP28 has been instrumental in cementing the role of nature in our climate change discourse. The inclusion of nature in the outcomes of the Global Stocktake is not only a testament to our collective understanding of nature’s dual role as a victim and a vital solution to climate change but also signals a major shift towards embracing and actioning nature-based solutions. By protecting, conserving, and restoring our natural ecosystems, we are taking a decisive step towards a sustainable and resilient future.”
Adding to this, Grethel Aguilar, IUCN’s Director General, stated: “IUCN welcomes the strong recognition of the contribution of nature in the formal outcomes of the Global Stocktake. We believe that alongside a rapid and just energy transition, investing in healthy ecosystems and nature-based solutions is critical to keeping the 1.5°C goal alive. Nature will deliver powerful adaptation and mitigation benefits provided we take ambitious action towards decarbonizing our economies and societies.”
The Global Stocktake also referenced the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, emphasizing the importance of conserving biodiversity and ensuring social and environmental safeguards. This acknowledgment reinforces the need for enhanced support and investment in halting and reversing deforestation and forest degradation by 2030, in line with the Paris Agreement and the objectives of the Kunming-Montreal Framework.
Manuel Pulgar-Vidal, former COP20 President and the Champion for the Action Agenda for Nature as part of the Convention on Biological Diversity, remarked: “The Global Stocktake’s integration of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework is a momentous step in recognizing the inseparable bond between biodiversity and climate health. As the former COP President and Champion for the Action Agenda for Nature, I see this as a pivotal alignment in our global efforts to address the twin crises of climate change and biodiversity loss, driving forward a whole of society agenda that respects and harnesses the power of nature in our climate action strategies.”
The Stocktake acknowledges the urgent need to address climate change and biodiversity loss in tandem, aligning these efforts with the Sustainable Development Goals. It highlights the vital importance of nature and ecosystems in effective and sustainable climate action.
This Global Stocktake notably aligns with the COP28 Joint Statement on Nature, Climate and People, a landmark joint declaration by the United Arab Emirates, in its role as the UNFCCC COP28 Presidency, and the People’s Republic of China, serving as the CBD COP15 Presidency. This collaborative statement, signed by 18 countries, highlights the urgent need to address the intertwined challenges of climate change, biodiversity loss, and land degradation. It underscores the profound risks these issues pose to ecosystems and livelihoods across the globe, reaffirming commitments to integrated approaches across key international frameworks. Focused on sustainable land and ocean management, the Statement stresses these as crucial factors in bolstering climate resilience and promoting sustainable development. This partnership exemplifies a united front, reinforcing our global determination to enhance the effectiveness of climate action through robust partnerships and coalitions.
Further, the decision emphasizes the conservation, protection, and restoration of nature and ecosystems, including through efforts to halt and reverse deforestation and forest degradation by 2030. It also recognizes the role of terrestrial and marine ecosystems as carbon sinks and reservoirs and the importance of conserving biodiversity.
In addition, the decision invites Parties to preserve and restore oceans and coastal ecosystems and to scale up ocean-based mitigation actions where appropriate. This reflects a growing awareness of the oceans’ role in climate regulation and the need to protect marine biodiversity.
This decision, encouraged by Razan Al Mubarak’s advocacy and supported by organizations like IUCN and leaders such as Manuel Pulgar-Vidal, represents a significant step in integrating nature-based solutions into global climate action, reflecting a growing understanding of the interdependence of ecological health and climate stability.
On December 2, at the start of the COP28 World Climate Action Summit, Ms. Al Mubarak announced a groundbreaking financial commitment of US$2.5 billion in Nature Conservation Finance. This funding is a testament to the global community’s dedication to integrating nature conservation with climate action strategies, focusing on the preservation and restoration of forests, mangroves, land, and ocean ecosystems. As part of this, the United Arab Emirates pledged US$100 million in new finance for nature-climate projects. This pledge includes an initial US$30 million investment in Ghana’s ‘Resilient Ghana’ plan, highlighting the UAE’s commitment to championing nature-based solutions for climate resilience and biodiversity preservation.
Global partnership aims to promote sustainable river-centric development of cities
At COP28 being held in Dubai, the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG), DoWR, RD & GR, Ministry of Jal Shakti, on behalf of River Cities Alliance (RCA) signed a Memorandum of Common Purpose (MoCP) with the Mississippi River Cities and Towns Initiative (MRCTI), representing 124 cities/towns situated along the banks of the Mississippi River, USA. The signing ceremony took place at the Rotary Hall on December 6, 2023. The MoCP was signed by Shri G. Asok Kumar, Special Secretary and Director General, NMCG on behalf of the Indian RCA and by Mayor Mitch Reynolds of La Crosse (Wisconsin), Mayor Errick Simmons of Greenville (Mississippi), Mayor LaToya Cantrell of New Orleans (Louisiana), and Colin Wellemkamp (Executive Director, MRCTI) on behalf of USA’s MRCTI, in the presence of officials from NIUA, senior officials from the US State Department, UNEP, and Rotary International.
G. Asok Kumar DG NMCG with USAs MRCTI in the presence of officials from NIUA senior officials from the US State Department UNEP and Rotary International
NMCG, in association with National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA) under Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) had initiated a unique concept of River Cities Alliance (RCA) in November 2021. RCA is envisaged as a dedicated platform for cities on the banks of rivers in India for concerted discussions and capacity building on aspects related to enhancing the state of urban rivers and has 142 Indian River cities and Aarhus of Denmark as members.
MRCTI represents 124 cities/towns situated along the banks of the Mississippi River, USA.
This significant agreement positions NMCG a step closer to the imminent launch of the Global River Cities Alliance (GRCA), as the current River Cities Alliance (RCA) has now expanded its strength to the membership of 267 global river-cities including India, USA and Denmark.
After the signing, Director General G. Asok Kumar of the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) held a bilateral meeting with Mayors, representatives from the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and officials from the United States Department of State at the WWF Pavilion Office. During this meeting, both parties engaged in substantive discussions, exploring tangible avenues for ongoing collaboration. Emphasis was placed on facilitating robust knowledge exchange between the National Mission for Clean Ganga including RCA and the Mississippi River Cities and Towns Initiative (MRCTI), underscoring a commitment to enduring cooperation and the exchange of expertise between the two networks.
Mississippi Mayors with G Asok Kumar Director General NMCG (extreme right)
G. Asok Kumar, Director General of the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG), conveyed the River Cities Alliance’s (RCA) keen interest in acquiring further insights into the satellite-based monitoring of water quality implemented by MRCTI. Additionally, Mr Kumar articulated the delegation’s eagerness to gain a more comprehensive understanding of MRCTI’s citizen science initiative, particularly in discerning the origins of plastic pollution within river ecosystems.
The Mayors representing MRCTI conveyed interest in acquiring insights into NMCG’s Hybrid Annuity Model and the One-City-One-Operator model for sewage treatment plants. Additionally, they expressed a desire to emulate RCA’s annual student thesis competition on ‘reimagining urban rivers’ aiming to encourage research projects by undergraduate and postgraduate students on themes related to rivers.
4 mayors from Mississippi River cities attended COP28
Furthermore, the delegations from both sides explored the prospect of instituting a city twinning program between RCA and MRCTI members, providing cities with an opportunity to learn from and inspire each other. Additionally, a proposal was put forth for a delegation of Mayors from MRCTI to visit India in the forthcoming year. This visit aims to bolster institutional synergies and ensure the continuity of momentum for the collaborative partnership.
This MoCP seeks to establish an efficient framework for collaboration between the River Cities Alliance (RCA) and MRCTI. It focuses on capacity building and knowledge exchange in integrated river management to address climate change impacts on the ecosystem. The collaboration includes a comprehensive water monitoring program, sharing best practices for renaturing urban areas, and restoring aquatic ecosystems for sustainable urban development. Initiatives extend to restoring urban forests and lakes connected to rivers, emphasizing the importance of green spaces. The proposed collaboration emphasizes collective action for safeguarding environmental flows and acknowledges the role of floods in maintaining river ecosystem health, showcasing a commitment to proactive environmental stewardship and innovative solutions for sustainable river management.
Jal Kalash at the launch of the Global River Cities Alliance (GRCA)
Dignitaries Worldwide Join Forces to Praise GRCA Inauguration on December 10, 2023 at Dubai, a Pivotal Step for Global River Conservation.
The National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) under the Ministry of Jal Shakti, in a giant step towards global water sustainability, launched the Global River Cities Alliance (GRCA) on December 10, 2023 at the COP28 or the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Expanding the reach of the River Cities Alliance NMCG formed by NMCG in association with NIUA) with 142 Indian River cities as members, river cities of Den Haag, from the Netherlands, Adelaide from Australia, and Szolnok of Hungary joined the Global River Cities Alliance today.
Earlier on 6 December 2023, at the CoP 28, RCA had signed a Memorandum of Common Purpose (MoCP) with 124 member Mississippi River Towns and Cities Initiative of the USA.
GRCA is the first of its kind alliance in the world
The launch of GRCA signifies a momentous step in global efforts toward river conservation and sustainable water management. Following this, partner countries are poised to coordinate post-COP activities, shaping the architecture of GRCA for effective implementation.
DG NMCG signing MoCP with MRCTI, USA
Among the dignitaries that took part in the GRCA launch were Shri Gajendra Singh Shekhawat, Minister for Jal Shakti, Government of India (joined virtually), Shri G. Asok Kumar, Director General of the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG), Shri Sadhguru (Isha Foundation), H.E. Prof. Dr Hani Swilam (Minister of Water Resources and Irrigation, Government of Egypt), H.E. Mr Mark Harbers (Minister of Infrastructure and Water Management, Government of the Netherlands), Mr Ole Thonke (Under-Secretary for Development Policy, Government of Denmark), Mr Chuop Paris (Secretary of State, Ministry of Environment, Kingdom of Cambodia), Mr Takahiro Konami (Director for International Affairs Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Government of Japan), Mr Karma Tshering (Secretary of Energy and Natural Resources, Kingdom of Bhutan), Ms Karlene Maywald (South Australian Water Ambassador, Government of Australia), Mr Ing. Godfred Fiifi Boadi (Ministry of Sanitation and Water Resources, Government of Ghana), Ms Roos Meilink (Chief Resilience Officer, Den Haag, Government of Netherlands), Mr Erwin De Nys (Practice Manager, Climate Finance Mobilization, The World Bank), Mr. Satoshi Ishii (Sector Director, Water and Urban Development, Asian Development Bank), Mr Ankur Agrawal (Investment Operations Specialist – Urban, AIIB), Mr Sumouleendra Ghosh (Global Water Lead & Partner, KPMG) and Dr. Debolina Kundu (Director, National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA), MoHUA, Government of India).
Shri Gajendra Singh Shekhawat, Minister for Jal Shakti, GoI addressing the COP28 virtually
Shri Gajendra Singh Shekhawat, the Union Minister for Jal Shakti, Government of India, expressed satisfaction with the collaboration between Namami Gange and the Mississippi River Cities and Towns Initiative (MRCTI), marked by the signing of a Memorandum of Collaboration (MoCP). Highlighting the guidance of Hon’ble Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Shri Shekhawat emphasized the significance of the River Cities Alliance (RCA), launched in 2021 to foster the sustainable development of river cities. He noted that since its inception, RCA has expanded to include 143 member cities in India, including the city of Aarhus, Denmark and has emerged as a catalyst for key frameworks for sustainable urban river management. He noted that the efforts of RCA have received recognition and appreciation from international stakeholders.
Shri Shekhawat emphasized the visionary goal of globalizing the River Cities Alliance by integrating urban water management into Urban Planning. He specifically highlighted the significant launch of the Global River Cities Alliance (GRCA) at COP 28 as a monumental stride in global endeavours against climate change. Additionally, he stressed India’s crucial role in sustainable river-centric development, viewing this initiative as a roadmap for climate resilience and a better future for generations to come. In his concluding remarks, he extended best wishes for the success of the Global River Cities Alliance and reiterated strong support for climate action.
DG NMCG-GRCA G.Asok Kumar addressing the
delegates of partner countries
Shri G Asok Kumar, Director General of the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG), lauded India’s strides under the leadership of Hon’ble Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi. He underscored Namami Gange’s accomplishments since its inception in 2014, particularly in the rejuvenation of the sacred Ganga River and its tributaries. He drew attention to NMCG’s global recognition as one of the Top 10 World Restoration Flagships at COP15 in December 2022. He noted that initiatives like ‘Catch the Rain’ in 2021 and the ‘Jal Jeevan Mission’ in 2019 were pivotal steps within the water sector, contributing to India’s progress in this domain. Reflecting on discussions at the National Ganga Council, Shri G Asok Kumar quoted Hon’ble PM Shri Narendra Modi’s call for new river planning, stressing the need to mainstream rivers in urban planning without a regulatory mindset.
Sri Sadhguru at COP28
Recognizing the challenges faced by urban areas, including river restrictions, pollution, encroachment, and water extraction, he emphasized NMCG’s commitment to a multi-sectoral approach involving stakeholders. The vision of incorporating urban water management into the framework was presented, positioning the Global River Cities Alliance (GRCA) as a unique platform for knowledge exchange, river-city twinning, and the dissemination of best practices. Shri G Asok Kumar discussed the recent MoCP signed with the Mississippi River Cities and Towns Initiative (MRCTI), highlighting its potential to enhance global water and urban river management. He noted that the collaboration will foster shared expertise and provide opportunities for global public and private funding agencies to engage with river cities.
Dr Debolina Kundu, Director of the National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA) under the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Government of India, emphasized that enhancing the relationship with rivers is a core objective of the alliance, highlighting the vital role of healthy rivers in climate change adaptation. Dr Kundu acknowledged that investments in promoting the health of rivers are crucial for sustainable development.
GRCA & Water Management – Global Perspectives
The international dignitaries- partners present at the launch of Global River-City Alliance by NMCG at COP28UAE appreciated & applauded the initiative as unique . Here are a few of them.
Spiritual Guru Shri Sadhguru of the Isha Foundation advocated for the establishment of dedicated businesses focused on sewage processing. Furthermore, he stressed the critical importance of efficient wastewater management within each sector and urgently addressed the need to tackle industrial sewage for effective water management.
H.E. Prof. Dr. Hani Swilam, Minister of Water Resources and Irrigation, Government of Egypt, highlighted a need for secure water supplies and sanitation in cities worldwide, emphasizing GRCA’s role in rainwater harvesting, urban river conservation, and ecological balance. He also discussed capacity building for climate-resilient river management.
H.E. Mr. Mark Harbers, Minister of Infrastructure and Water Management, Government of the Netherlands, emphasized strategic water partnerships, applauded India’s water leverage success, and commended the GRCA launch. His outreach invited Dutch cities to join GRCA, expressing hope that these efforts would contribute to water security and safety, particularly for vulnerable populations
Mr. Ole Thonke, Under-Secretary for Development Policy, Government of Denmark, expressed hope for increased collaboration within the alliance. He stressed the importance of aligning with Danish and Indian cities for mutual learning, emphasizing a holistic approach that includes water treatment plants and innovative sludge utilization.
Mr. Chuop Paris, Secretary of State, Ministry of Environment, Kingdom of Cambodia, emphasized the ongoing commitment to working collaboratively on addressing the effects of climate change on the ecology. He underscored the significance of urban development in this collective effort.
Mr. Takahiro Konami, Director for International Affairs, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism, Government of Japan, highlighted the potential for technical collaboration and insights among the member nations. He mentioned the Global River Cities Alliance (GRCA) as a valuable platform for expanding networks, particularly in addressing flood-related challenges.
Mr Karma Tshering, Secretary of Energy and Natural Resources, Kingdom of Bhutan, conveyed his best wishes for the success of the Global River Cities Alliance (GRCA) and extended support to India in this endeavour.
Ms. Karlene Maywald, South Australian Water Ambassador, Government of Australia, addressed the need for diversifying water supply and decentralization. She emphasized a collective effort from citizens to enhance ecosystems. Ms. Maywald stated that by employing appropriate methods and technology, these goals can be achieved. She expressed Australia’s intent to share its expertise with India in these areas.
Mr. Ing. Godfred Fiifi Boadi from the Ministry of Sanitation and Water Resources, Ghana, emphasized the pivotal role of stakeholders collaborating to address climate change. He said that climate change poses not only an environmental threat but also challenges basic human rights, such as access to sanitation and clean water.
Ms. Roos Meilink, Chief Resilience Officer from Den Haag, Government of the Netherlands, discussed the importance of early warning systems and expertise in achieving resilience goals. She highlighted the potential for collaboration to enhance these capabilities.
Mr. Erwin De Nys, Practice Manager for Climate Finance Mobilization at The World Bank, discussed enhancing water security through funding and technical assistance, particularly in sanitation, irrigation, and building resilience against natural disasters. Acknowledging the historical costliness of river cleaning, he praised the complexity of India’s engagement in this effort, particularly with NMCG, emphasizing the importance of an integrated approach to river cleaning.
Mr. Satoshi Ishii, Sector Director for Water and Urban Development at the Asian Development Bank, emphasized the strong imperative for cleaning and revitalizing river ecosystems for the well-being of rivers, ultimately improving their quality and sustainability. Regarding the Global River Cities Alliance (GRCA) initiative in India, Mr. Ishii expressed support for the urban river management plan. He highlighted the Asian Development Bank’s policy-based lending support to the Indian government, emphasizing that the funds would be utilized for the development of sanitation facilities.
Mr Ankur Agrawal, Investment Operations Specialist – Urban at the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), emphasized the crucial link between urban areas and rivers, stressing the need for enhanced water management amid climate challenges. He advocated for increased water financing, expressing hope that GRCA would provide sustainable funding opportunities.
Mr. Sumouleendra Ghosh, Global Water Lead & Partner at KPMG, emphasized the importance of increasing knowledge sharing, anticipating that it will lead to the generation of new programs in collaboration with financial agencies.
COP28 successfully broke the deadlock in climate action, reaching unanimous agreement among participating nations on numerous key issues that had long been stalled in previous conferences.
The UAE Consensus has affirmed the success of the COP28 Presidency in uniting efforts of 198 countries towards a shared vision for the future of climate action.
The UAE Consensus has set new global benchmarks for climate action. The participating nations reached a fair and just agreement aligned with scientific findings, contributing to reducing risks faced by countries most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. This achievement strikes a balance between development requirements and climate action.
For the first time, the UN climate talks have addressed the need to stop burning fossil fuels. Also the COP28 marks the beginning of the end of the fossil fuel era, said climate negotiators and observers.
UAE President His Highness Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan commented: “As COP28 concludes in the UAE, I thank all the participating delegations that worked together to achieve the historic UAE Consensus to accelerate climate action.”
“I also commend the local and international teams that contributed to the successful organisation of the event. The conference produced significant results, and we will continue to work hand-in-hand with the global community to advance all efforts aimed at securing a more sustainable future for our planet and its people.”
The hosting of COP28 by the UAE represents a paradigm shift in the mechanics and agenda of COP conferences. The country’s adept negotiation strategies and effective management of discussions have established new standards for global climate action success, solidifying its role as a significant contributor to shaping a sustainable future.
COP28 successfully broke the deadlock in climate action, reaching unanimous agreement among participating nations on numerous key issues that had long been stalled in previous conferences.
Building on the accomplishments of COP27 in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt, COP28 operationalised the Loss and Damage Fund and secured early commitments from countries to finance it. It also paved the way for achievements in the upcoming COPs, connecting various UN Climate Change Conferences.
Notably, the COP28 Presidency, in collaboration with the People’s Republic of China as the President of COP15 to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), initiated the “COP28 Joint Statement on Climate, Nature And People”. This statement establishes a framework that facilitates integration between climate action and nature protection in preparation for both the upcoming COP30 for climate and the 16th meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). The aim is to ensure ongoing collaboration and sustainability across the conferences, fostering a seamless continuity in collective efforts for environmental preservation.
COP28 has notably empowered youth in international climate negotiations, enhancing their role in shaping global climate policies. This was evident in the appointment of Minister of Community Development Shamma bint Suhail Al Mazrui as the COP28 Youth Climate Champion and the participation of 100 youth delegates representing the world’s least-developed countries, small island developing states, Indigenous Peoples, and minority groups.
Furthermore, COP28 Presidency has underscored the vital contribution of women to climate change solutions. Financial assistance and technical training sessions have been provided to encourage greater participation of women delegations. The COP28’s Gender Equality Day marked the announcement of a new COP28 Gender-Responsive Just Transitions Climate Action Partnership from the COP28 Presidency, which was endorsed by over 60 Parties.
The following accomplishments stand as a historic legacy in climate action, characterised by tangible progress and decisive actions”
-COP28 has mobilised over $83.9 billion in funding, setting the pace for a new era in climate action. -These include the first-ever declarations on food systems transformation and health, plus declarations on renewable energy and efficiency, as well as initiatives to decarbonise heavy emitting industries. -11 pledges and declarations have been launched and received historic support. -On day one of COP28, the Presidency facilitated a historic agreement to operationalise the Loss and Damage Fund, supporting those on the front lines of the climate crisis with $792 million. -International pledges of $3.5 billion were also announced to renew the resources of the Green Climate Fund (GCF) – $134 million announced toward the Adaptation Fund -$129.3 million announced toward the Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF) – $31 million to the Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF) – UAE launched a $30 billion catalytic fund, ALTÉRRA, to drive positive climate action. The fund seeks to mobilise an additional $250 billion globally. -The UAE committed $200 million to help vulnerable countries through Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) and $150 million to fund water scarcity solutions. -The World Bank announced an increase of $9 billion annually for 2024 and 2025 to finance climate-related projects. Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) announced a cumulative increase of over $22.6 billion toward climate action.
For the first time in COP history, the Ministry of Education hosts the “Greening Education Hub” themed “Legacy from the Land of Zayed”, with broad participation from various educational institutions.
The graduation ceremony for the first batch of the “UAE Youth Climate Delegates Programme”,
Breaking new ground, the Green Zone is positioned next to the Blue Zone, facilitating interaction between decision-makers, officials, individuals, students, societal institutions, and businesses to align conference outcomes with people’s aspirations and needs.
COP28 witnessed the response of the first assessment of the Paris Agreement’s Global Stocktake.
The COP28 presidency conducts unprecedented open consultations to prepare the conference agenda and the specialised topics programme.
For the first time, global trade is a primary topic at the COP28 agenda, acknowledging its impact on climate issues.
COP28 hosts the “Faith Pavilion” and the inaugural “Indigenous Peoples Pavilion”. The first-ever COP28 Business Philanthropy Climate Forum at COP28, the first-ever UAE Climate and Health Declaration, the first-ever “Health Day”, the first-ever UAE Declaration on Agriculture, Food Systems and Climate Action, the first ever Youth Stocktake, a comprehensive analysis of youth involvement in climate diplomacy that presents a strategic blueprint to enhance youth participation in the COP process, the Food, Agriculture and Water hosts the first-of-its-kind High-Level Ministerial Dialogue on Building Water-Resilient Food Systems.
In a groundbreaking move, the COP28 Presidency announced that 134 world leaders signed up for its landmark agriculture, food and climate action declaration. Also, the mobilisation of more than $2.5 billion in funding to support food security while combatting climate change and a new partnership between the UAE and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation for food systems innovation in the fact of climate change.
The COP28 President noted that the UAE has shown that it can deliver on the global stage for the benefit of the planet and its people.
Dr. Sultan bin Ahmed Al Jaber, Minister of Industry and Advanced Technology and COP28 President, lauded the success of the parties in delivering a comprehensive response to the Global Stocktake and all the other mandates, and finding a new way.
In his statement at the closing plenary of the 28th UN Climate Change Conference (COP28), Dr. Al Jaber said, “Together, we have confronted realities, and we have set the world in the right direction. We have given it a robust action plan to keep 1.5 within reach. It is a plan that is led by the science. It is a balanced plan, that tackles emissions, bridges the gap on adaptation, reimagines global finance, and delivers on loss and damage. It is built on common ground. It is strengthened by inclusivity. And it is reinforced by collaboration.”
He was referencing the landmark text named “The UAE Consensus”, to which the Parties agreed and which sets out an ambitious climate agenda to keep 1.5°C within reach. The UAE Consensus calls on Parties to transition away from fossil fuels to reach net zero, encourages them to submit economy-wide Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), includes a new specific target to triple renewables and double energy efficiency by 2030, and builds momentum towards a new architecture for climate finance.
“We have travelled a long road together in a short amount of time. Over the last two weeks, we have worked very hard to secure a better future for our people and our planet. We should be proud of our historic achievement. And the United Arab Emirates, my country, is rightly proud of its role in helping you to move this forward,” the COP28 President continued. “It is an enhanced, balanced, but, make no mistake, historic package to accelerate climate action. It is the UAE Consensus.”
He added, “Many said this could not be done. But when I spoke to you at the very start of COP, I promised a different sort of COP. A COP that brought everyone together, private and public sectors, civil society and faith leaders, youth and indigenous peoples. Everyone came together from day one. Everyone united, acted and delivered. We operationalised loss and damage and started to fill the fund. We mobilised more than US$85 billion in new financial commitments. We launched ALTÉRRA, the world’s largest catalytic private investor that is 100 percent focused on solutions to climate change. And we delivered world first after world first.”
“A global goal to triple renewables and double energy efficiency. Declarations on agriculture, food and health. Many more oil and gas companies stepping up for the first time on methane and emissions. And we have language on fossil fuels in our final agreement. All of these are world firsts. And all of these are crucial actions that will help shape a better, cleaner world with greater, more equitable prosperity. And then we became the first COP to host a change-makers Majlis. And I felt that that was the turning point in our negotiations. You reconnected with your spirit of collaboration, you got out of your comfort zones and started speaking to each other from the heart. That… made the difference,” Dr. Al Jaber affirmed.
“Now, we can truly say that we united, we acted, and we delivered. Friends, here let me sound a word of caution. An agreement is only as good as its implementation. We are what we do, not what we say. We must take the steps necessary to turn this agreement into tangible action. If we unite in action, we can have a profoundly positive effect on all our futures.
“And I mean all our futures. Because inclusivity has been the beating heart of this conference. It kept us going during the difficult days. You never gave up on the process, a process that was driven by solidarity, transparency and a willingness to listen. And everyone has been heard, from indigenous peoples, to global youth, to the Global South. As a result, we have delivered a paradigm shift that has the potential to redefine our economies.”
“We have reframed the conversation around climate finance. We have integrated the real economy into climate action. And we have moved to a new mindset, where solutions to the climate challenge become the drivers of a new economic age.
The moment history was made. ⁰Everyone came together from day one. Everyone united, everyone acted and everyone delivered. pic.twitter.com/KYsRN6Bu4K
“It has been a personal privilege for me to have the opportunity to guide this conference. I am humbled by the commitment I have seen and the unwavering efforts I have witnessed. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to all who made this happen. To every country who came and made this COP a success, I say thank you. To every single participant, everyone I met in this special place, I say thank you. You have come in record numbers, you care deeply about the future of this wonderful planet… and so do I. And to you, the delegates, who met me at 4 and 5 am, I also say thank you. And allow me to take this opportunity to express my deepest respect and gratitude to President His Highness Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan. I am deeply grateful for his confidence, guidance and constant support. I hope we made you proud.”
The COP28 President noted that the UAE has shown that it can deliver on the global stage for the benefit of the planet and its people.
“We have helped restore faith and trust in multilateralism,” he said. “And we have shown that humanity can come together to help humanity. Our task was to build on the foundations that others have laid for us. And I tell you, what we have built together will stand the test of time. Future generations may not know your names, but they will owe every single one of you a debt of gratitude.
“We leave Dubai with our heads held high. And our work goes on. In unity and solidarity, we will walk the new path that the UAE Consensus has set for the world. Together, we will follow our North Star. We will follow it from here to Baku and from Baku to Belem. And together, we will secure the future of this beautiful planet for the many generations to come.”
“And let me finish by saying this. I hope that the spirit of partnership, inclusivity and peace that has welcomed you here in the UAE goes with you from this place, and lives on for the good of all humanity,” Dr. Al Jaber said, in conclusion.
Representatives from nearly 200 countries agreed at the COP28 climate summit to begin reducing global consumption of fossil fuels, a first of its kind deal in a UN climate summit, reports Asian Lite News
Representatives from 197 countries, in addition to the European Union, at the COP28 approved the historic “UAE Consensus” on climate change, which aims to put the world on the right track to protect humanity and the planet.
The moment history was made. ⁰Everyone came together from day one. Everyone united, everyone acted and everyone delivered. pic.twitter.com/KYsRN6Bu4K
After gruelling negotiations, countries have reached a deal, calling for “deep, rapid and sustained reduction in greenhouse gas emissions” and “transitioning” away from fossil fuels in the energy system in an orderly and equitable manner.
The COP28 climate summit went into overtime with negotiators scrambling to reach a deal. Finally, on Wednesday morning, the COP 28 deal was adopted. The plenary erupts in applause following the adoption. This was the third version presented to the countries in about two weeks.
COP 28 President Sultan al-Jaber said: “It is a plan that is led by the science … a historic package to accelerate climate action.”
“This is the first time, we have language on fossil fuel,” he said.
However, the document does not speak about the “phase out” of fossil fuels as several countries were opposed to the term.
Instead, the document calls for transitioning away from fossil fuels in the energy system “in a just, orderly and equitable manner, accelerating action in this critical decade, to achieve net zero by 2050 in keeping with the science.”
It also lists 7 other steps to help reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The document signals that countries agree that fossil fuels need to be replaced with clean energy and reach global net zero by 2050. It is the first time fossil fuels have been addressed in the climate talks.
The signed deal calls on the parties for tripling renewable energy by 2030 and doubling energy efficiency. It also recognises that the costs of renewables are falling fast.
It carries the same text on coal from Glasgow, the current text calls for accelerating efforts towards the phase-down of unabated coal power. The previous draft document drew flak from European, Latin American and vulnerable island states after it dropped all references to phasing out fossils.
On Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC), the document says new national climate pledges should be delivered in late 2024. There is very little on finance, an acknowledgement of the need for it, but no concrete numbers which means this becomes the main agenda item for 2024.
Environmentalists have called the signing of the deal a “positive step however with gaps”
Aarti Khosla, Director, of Climate Trends said that it is the first time that there is recognition of transitioning away from fossil fuels in a COP text- essentially meaning slashing not just coal, but also oil and gas.
“The Dubai deal is positive, however with gaps. coming alongside an absolute recognition of a warming world, and the need to take rapid action within this decade, the outcome text makes real concessions for gas and oil,” Khosla said.
“The language doesn’t give clarity on whether actual reductions in production and consumption will happen, or with increasing demand, countries will merely ‘transition’ their energy mix. These are issues with huge implications for the world,” she added.
Ruth Davis, Senior Associate, at Smith School of Enterprise and Environment in Oxford acknowledged that for the first time ever, the promise to halt and reverse deforestation by 2030 has become a formal outcome.
“Food and nature have long been overdue for more space in the COP negotiating texts. For the first time ever, the promise to halt and reverse deforestation by 2030 has become a formal outcome. And 150+ countries pledged to put food in their new climate plans. The forgotten third of global greenhouse gas emissions will be under proper scrutiny, provided there is funding on the table. What we need now is to deliver on the money, ” Davis said.
The COP28 Presidency has been clear in its intention to ensure that the agreements made at COP28 are delivered and followed through to COP29 and COP30, with mechanisms to track progress against implementation. Already, the Presidency has signed an agreement with Brazil, the host country of COP30, to deepen collaboration and increase climate ambitions by COP30.
Central to the agreement with Brazil will be working with Azerbaijan, the hosts of COP29, to ensure Parties come to COP30 with ambitious updated climate plans for action in this critical decade, as well as whole-of-economy NDCs building on the momentum generated at COP28.
Media reports said that Stewart has returned to London from the climate summit in Dubai for the second reading of the contentious Rwanda Bill in the UK Parliament on Tuesday night…reports Asian Lite News
Climate Minister Graham Stewart, who was attending the final phase of the two-week-long negotiations in the UN Climate Change Conference (COP28) here, has left the talks midway and returned to Westminster to attend the Rwanda vote, a critical vote on immigration policy back home home.
Media reports said that Stewart has returned to London from the climate summit in Dubai for the second reading of the contentious Rwanda Bill in the UK Parliament on Tuesday night.
A source told the BBC: “The UK’s chief negotiator Alison Campbell continues to lead negotiations for the UK, and the UK government continues to be represented at a ministerial level at COP28 by Lord Benyon.”
The source added: “Lord Benyon and Alison Campbell remain in constant contact with minister Stuart, who is responsible for the final decision on key issues and retains responsibility for UK negotiations overall.”
Responding to reports that the UK Climate Minister has left the COP28 talks, Christian Aid’s Head of UK Advocacy, Jennifer Larbie, told : “It’s shocking to see the UK Climate Minister leaving the COP28 talks early, just as crucial negotiations about a global fossil fuel phase-out reach crunch point. The UK has a proud history of being a key player at previous talks.
“Only last night Graham Stewart was describing the UK as a climate champion and today he’s not even here during the most important hours of the summit. Considering Rishi Sunak’s push for more oil and gas drilling in the North Sea, it’s very sad to see the UK soiling its credentials on climate change.”
Chiara Liguori, Oxfam’s Senior Climate Change Policy Advisor, said: “There can be no more tragic outcome for UK climate diplomacy than this — flying home from talks to avert a climate catastrophe at the most critical moment in an attempt to salvage a cruel and impractical policy.”
Dr. Mahmoud Fathallah, Director of the Arab League’s Department of Environmental Affairs and Meteorology and Head of Pavilion said the Arab region is facing a major challenge: desertification.
Inaugurating its debut at a UN Climate Change Conference, the League of Arab States Pavilion at COP28 has introduced three novel climate initiatives: the circular economy, nature-based solutions, and biodiversity.
Dr. Mahmoud Fathallah, Director of the Arab League’s Department of Environmental Affairs and Meteorology and Head of Pavilion, made this announcement in a statement to the Emirates News Agency (WAM). He described desertification, drought, and food security as the most prominent challenges resulting from climate change in the Arab region.
Looking ahead to future cooperation on climate issues within the Arab world, Fathallah announced that the next meeting of the Council of Arab Ministers Responsible for the Environment, scheduled for October 2024, will focus on participation in the 16th session of the Conference of the Parties to the UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD COP 16), set to take place in Saudi Arabia in December 2024.
He said the Arab region is facing a major challenge: desertification. This environmental phenomenon has already impacted an area of approximately 9 million square kilometres, representing a staggering 68% of the total landmass in Arab countries. The Maghreb region in Africa bears the brunt of this issue, with over half (53.4%) of its land affected by desertification. Additionally, a further 3.6 million square kilometres are considered at risk, according to the Joint Arab Economic Report 2022.
He added that Arab countries will be convening in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, for preparatory meetings in advance of the sixth session of the United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA-6). Scheduled for February 26th to March 1st, 2024, in Nairobi, Kenya, UNEA-6 presents a crucial opportunity for international collaboration on environmental issues.
He stated that specialised Arab organisations, acting as the technical arm of the League of Arab States, are playing a vital role in this fight. They are actively involved in preparing studies and reports on desertification and the Convention on Biological Diversity. The Arab Organisation for Agricultural Development (AOAD), in particular, is dedicated to equipping Arab experts with the knowledge and skills needed to address these pressing environmental concerns.
Fathallah stated that the AOAD, in cooperation with the League of Arab States, held a high-level regional dialogue on the sidelines of its participation in COP28 under the title “Addressing the interrelated challenges of climate change, peace and food security in the Arab region with a focus on fragile societies and countries in conflict.”
He pointed out that the dialogue made it clear that the Arab region is the most water-scarce and the most dependent on food imports in the world, with high rates of malnutrition in the region, noting that the overexploitation of the region’s resources has led to a severe deterioration in ecosystems.
Fathallah stated that the Arab countries have approved national programmes and policies that have been integrated into their development programmes to mitigate the effects of climate change and adaptation plans.
As COP28 comes to a close, some of the major topics are still being discussed behind closed doors, such as the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) and the Global Stocktake.
UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres on Monday proposed a deal at COP28 on phasing out fossil fuels, telling negotiators that “now is the time for maximum ambition and maximum flexibility,” as UN climate talks in Dubai head into the home stretch, UN News reported.
As COP28 entered its final 48 hours, the UN chief delivered a clear message to government negotiators: “We must conclude the conference with an ambitious outcome that demonstrates decisive action and a credible plan to keep 1.5-degree goal alive, protecting those on the frontlines of the climate crisis.”
As COP28 entered its final 48 hours, the UN chief delivered a clear message to government negotiators: “We must conclude the conference with an ambitious outcome that demonstrates decisive action and a credible plan to keep 1.5-degree goal alive, protecting those on the frontlines of the climate crisis.”
Negotiators are engaged in intense negotiations to hammer out a deal on key agenda items including the future of the use of fossil fuels, ramping up renewable energy, building resilience to climate change and ensuring financial support for vulnerable countries, according to UN News.
Speaking to reporters today, Guterres warned of humanity’s race against time as our planet is “minutes to midnight” for the 1.5 degree limit, referring to one of the keystone global warming targets set by the 2015 Paris Agreement. “And the clock keeps ticking.”
And yet, with COP28 so close to the finish line, there is still a “gap that needs to be bridged, said the Secretary-General.
Against this backdrop, he noted that “now is the time for maximum ambition and maximum flexibility. Ministers and negotiators must move beyond arbitrary red lines, entrenched positions and blocking tactics,” he said.
Urging countries to go into “overdrive to negotiate in good faith and rise to the challenge”, the Secretary-General also cautioned that any “compromise for solutions”, must not come at the cost of “compromising on the science or on the need for the highest ambition.”
He underscored that in a “fractured and divided world, COP28 can show that multilateralism remains our best hope to tackle global challenges.”
Speaking to reporters just ahead of the Secretary-General, UN climate chief Simon Stiell said negotiations on an outcome document have a chance to begin a new chapter that delivers for people and planet.
He underscored the importance of finance as “the bedrock to scale-up climate action on all fronts”.
He stressed that the highest levels of ambition are possible on both, “but if we reduce on one, we reduce our ability to get either.”
To reach a meaningful deal, the many “unnecessary tactical blockades” seen along the COP28 journey must be removed, and “incrementalism” must be rejected, according to the climate chief.
He reminded negotiators that the world is watching and “there is nowhere to hide.”
“One thing is for certain: ‘I win – you lose’ is a recipe for collective failure. Ultimately it is 8 billion people’s security that is at stake”.
Following the landmark Paris COP, Dubai is the first time that a UN climate summit surveys progress towards achieving the goals agreed in 2015.
This so-named Global Stocktake is still being assessed and could pave the way to ambitious national climate action plans, or NDC’s that countries are due to submit in 2025.
Guterres has called for countries to step up their efforts to ensure maximum ambition on two fronts, namely ambition on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and on delivering climate justice.
On Monday he stressed that the Global Stocktake must recognize the “need to phase out all fossil fuels on a time-frame consistent with the 1.5-degree limit – and to accelerate a just, equitable and orderly energy transition for all.”
COP28, which stands for the 28th meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), is taking place in Dubai, UAE, from November 30 to December 12 this year. (ANI)
