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RBI Pushes Fair Play in Forex Markets

RBI Governor said that efforts were being made to leverage technology to achieve greater efficiency while also meeting the objectives of market reforms…reports Asian Lite News

RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das on Monday emphasised the need to give retail customers a fair deal in foreign exchange markets that is at par with large customers.

“There is a need for effective market-making and finer pricing for smaller deals on NDS-OM. Divergence in pricing in Foreign Exchange (FX) markets for the small and large customers are wider than what can be justified by operational considerations,” the RBI Governor said in his address at an international financial conference in Barcelona.

“Banks may need to do more to facilitate the use of the FX Retail platform. We continue to see banking channels being used by certain persons or entities to fund activities on unauthorised FX trading platforms. This warrants enhanced vigilance by the banks,” he pointed out.

He said that efforts were being made to leverage technology to achieve greater efficiency while also meeting the objectives of market reforms.

U.S. dollar banknotes in Washington. (Xinhua/Liu Jie/IANS)

“For example, we are exploring the use of technological platforms to expand the reach of financial markets, in particular the reach of the RBI Retail Direct and FX Retail. In the derivative markets, efforts are underway to introduce electronic trading platforms for a larger number of derivative products and to expand the central clearing of products,” he explained.

Das also said that to foster greater efficiency, Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) for reporting trades to NDS-OM and accessing the RFQ dealing mode are being contemplated.

The introduction of bond forwards is being considered to enable long-term investors to manage their interest rate risks efficiently – draft guidelines in this regard were issued in December 2023.

The Reserve Bank also remains engaged with stakeholders to assess the need for the introduction of new products and infrastructure based on evolving market developments, he added.

India’s foreign exchange reserves rose for a sixth consecutive week to hit a historic high of $645.58 billion for the week ended March 29, according to RBI data released on Friday.

The forex kitty increased by $2.95 billion during the week, after notching a cumulative $26.5 billion rise in the previous five weeks.

RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das on Friday referred to the record foreign exchange reserves as a reflection of the strength of the Indian economy.

“It is our prime focus to build a strong umbrella, a strong buffer in the form of a substantial quantum of forex reserves, which will help us when the cycle turns or when it rains heavily,” Das said while unveiling the first monetary policy review of the current financial year on Friday.

Rising foreign exchange reserves are a positive sign for the economy as they reflect an ample supply of dollars that help strengthen the rupee. An increase in foreign exchange reserves gives the RBI more headroom to stabilise the rupee when it turns volatile.

This is because the RBI intervenes in the spot and forward currency markets by releasing more dollars to prevent the rupee from heading for a free fall.

Conversely, a declining forex kitty leaves the RBI less space to intervene in the market to prop up the rupee.

Mumbai: Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Governor Shaktikanta Das announces the central bank’s monetary policy statement, in Mumbai, Friday, April 5, 2024.(IANS/Video Grab)

India’s forex reserves, including the central bank’s forward holdings, can now cover more than 11 months of imports, which is close to a two-year high.

The RBI Governor also said that the rupee has remained largely range-bound, as compared to both its emerging market peers and a few advanced economies during 2023-24, and was the most stable among major currencies during this period.

“The depreciation of rupee at 1.4 per cent against the US dollar in 2023-24 was lower as compared to the emerging market peers like Chinese yuan, Thai baht, Indonesian rupiah, Vietnamese dong and Malaysian ringgit and a few advanced economy currencies like the Japanese yen, Korean won and New Zealand dollar,” Das said.

On the outlook for the rupee, the monetary policy report said the nominal exchange rate of the Indian currency saw two-way movements in the range of Rs 82.8-83.4 per US dollar.

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PM Modi Praises RBI, Sets Atmanirbhar Goal

Highlighting the global challenge of balancing inflation control with growth, the PM urged the RBI to pioneer a model addressing this, potentially setting a global trend…reports Asian Lite News

Over the next 10 years, India must strive to become a ‘financially Atmanirbhar’ economy that is shielded from all global events and continues to march ahead confidently for progress and development, Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, said on Monday.

Speaking at the 90th anniversary celebrations of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), the PM said that the country’s economy has risen in the last few years from the inherited mess of 2014 when the BJP government took office, and is now poised for take-off.

“India is among the youngest nations in the world… Our policies have opened up new sectors in the economy like green energy, digital technology, Defence which is getting into the export mode, MSMEs, space and tourism industries.

“The RBI must address the aspirations of the youth and develop ‘out-of-the-box’ policies for all these emerging sectors to help the youth,” urged the PM.

Pointing out that globally there is a challenge for nations to strike a balance between inflation control and growth, the PM called upon the RBI to study and develop a model for this, which can be a trendsetter for the world, especially the Global South, while ensuring that the Indian Rupee is accessible and acceptable world over.

He said that in the next 10 years, India will strive to improve its financial independence, with the country’s economy getting impacted minimally by global developments “as we are already on the way to becoming a world growth engine.”

Present at the celebrations were Union Finance Minister, Nirmala Sitharaman, RBI Governor, Shaktikanta Das, and other dignitaries.

Meanwhile, the RBI on Monday directed all banks to provide adequate incentives to their branches in financing the Self Help Groups (SHGs) and establish linkages with them, making the procedures simple and easy.

“The group dynamics of working of the SHGs need neither be regulated nor formal structures imposed or insisted upon. The approach towards financing the SHGs should be totally hassle-free and may also include consumption expenditures. Accordingly, the guidelines should be adhered to enable effective linkage of SHGs with the banking sector,” the RBI has stated in its master circular to all banks.

The circular states that no loan-related and ad hoc service charges or inspection charges should be levied on priority sector loans up to 25,000. In the case of eligible priority sector loans to SHGs/ JLGs, this limit will be applicable per member and not to the group as a whole.

The RBI has also pointed out that loans to SHGs are allowed to be classified under Priority Sector Lending (PSL) under the respective categories such as Agriculture, MSME etc.

The circular further states that SHGs, registered or unregistered, which are engaged in promoting savings habits among their members are eligible to open savings bank accounts with banks.

Bank lending to SHGs should be included in the branch credit plan, block credit plan, district credit plan and state credit plan of each bank. Utmost priority should be accorded to the sector in preparation of these plans. It should also form an integral part of the bank’s corporate credit plan, the circular added.

The circular highlights that SHGs have the potential to bring together the formal banking structure and the rural poor for mutual benefit. Studies conducted by NABARD in a few states to assess the impact of the linkage project have brought out encouraging and positive features like an increase in loan volume of the SHGs, a definite shift in the loaning pattern of the members from non-income generating activities to production activities, nearly 100 per cent recovery performance, significant reduction in the transaction costs for both the banks and the borrowers etc., besides leading to a gradual increase in the income level of the SHG members.

Another significant feature observed in the linkage project is that about 85 per cent of the groups linked with banks were formed exclusively by women, it adds.

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RBI Tightens Grip on Entities

The RBI may be mulling a revamp of the existing penalty structures, which may include increase in penalty amounts…reports Asian Lite News

Compliance is taking the centre stage with 4x increase in RBI penalties on regulated entities (FY20-23), IIFL Securities said in a report.

Increasingly, these penalties are imposed for failure to follow the required processes, deficiencies in risk management practices, and protection of customer interests after the RBI increased oversight of non-bank entities in the last few years.

In the words of RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das, financial stability is a ‘public good’ that the central bank has achieved with great efforts, and it intends to preserve and strengthen the same, the report said.

Channel checks indicate that the RBI has increased frequency and depth of inspections, deputed on-site inspectors at major NBFCs for continuous supervision and developed risk-based supervisory framework, SPARC, enabling the RBI to take pre-emptive actions, the report said.

“We also believe that the era of light touch regulations for FinTechs has ended with the central bank proposing to set up a FinTech SRO,” the report said.

Additionally, the RBI may be mulling a revamp of the existing penalty structures, which may include increase in penalty amounts, remuneration claw back for top management or imposition of additional capital charge.

While the RBI’s enhanced and pro-active supervision bodes well for the sector’s long-term health, it also warrants closer investor attention in case of the first few instances of regulatory censure, which could be a precursor to more stringent actions by the central bank, the report said.

In recent quarters, anecdotally there are multiple instances of RBI imposing fines/penalties on banks/NBFCs or other regulated entities.

“We note that increasingly, these penalties are being imposed for contraventions of not only statutory compliances, but also for failure to follow the required processes, and continuous supervision. This is in addition to the annual RBI audit of these entities,” the report said.

Some of the recent RBI measures such as tightening of AIF/ARC regulations, issuance of KFS, non-compounding of penalties, etc., can be attributed to the enhanced supervision of business practices of these regulated entities.

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Banking Giants Feel the Heat from RBI

RBI said this action is based on the deficiencies in regulatory compliance of the two banks…reports Asian Lite News

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) announced on Monday that it has imposed penalties on the State Bank of India (SBI) and Canara Bank for non-compliance with banking regulations and RBI directions.

The RBI in an order dated February 26 slapped a penalty of Rs 2 crore on State Bank of India for contravention of provisions of the Banking Regulation Act and not complying with the Depositor Education Awareness Fund Scheme.

The RBI said that an examination of the Risk Assessment Report/Inspection Report revealed, inter alia, that SBI held shares as pledgee of an amount exceeding 30 per cent of paid-up share capital of certain companies and also failed to credit eligible amount to the Depositor Education and Awareness Fund within the period prescribed in the BR Act.

Similarly, the RBI has imposed a penalty of Rs 32.30 lakh on Canara Bank for non-compliance with certain directions issued by the central bank on ‘Data Format for Furnishing of Credit Information to Credit Information Companies and other Regulatory Measures’.

The RBI said that an examination of the Risk Assessment Report/Inspection Report and all related correspondences in the case of Canara Bank revealed, inter alia, non-compliance with the aforesaid directions by the bank, to the extent it (i) failed to rectify the rejected data and upload the same with the Credit Information Companies (CICs) within seven days of receipt of such rejection report from the CICs, and (ii) restructured certain accounts which were not standard assets as on March 31, 2021 under the extant directions.

However, RBI also said this action is based on the deficiencies in regulatory compliance of the two banks and is not intended to pronounce upon the validity of any transaction or agreement entered into by the bank with its customers.

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RBI Directive: No Impact on Paytm Merchants

Paytm offers acquiring services to merchants in partnership with several leading banks in the country and will continue to expand third-party bank partnerships….reports Asian Lite News

Paytm merchants need not worry following Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) direction to its associate bank as Paytm Soundbox, QR, EDC machines will keep working as usual, and merchants will still be able to accept payments.

Paytm offers acquiring services to merchants in partnership with several leading banks in the country and will continue to expand third-party bank partnerships.

“Paytm’s offline merchants network offering and device business like Paytm Soundbox, EDC, QR will remain unimpacted by the Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) direction to its associate bank,” said the fintech company, adding that it will also continue onboarding merchants to its platform.

During a conference call on RBI directives to Paytm’s associate bank, Bhavesh Gupta, President and COO, said, “We will ensure the least amount of disturbance to merchants. We will do whatever is the right approach in this matter.”

The company also noted that its Paytm Payment Gateway business (online merchants) will continue to offer payment solutions to its existing merchants.

“There will be no disruption in PG business and it will operate like earlier, now we offer merchants several other options, which is a very quick process,” Gupta added.

Paytm’s offline merchant payment network offerings like Paytm QR, Paytm Soundbox, Paytm Card Machine will continue as usual, where it can onboard new offline merchants as well. For its existing online merchants, Paytm Payment Gateway business will continue to offer payment solutions.

Meanwhile, Paytm clarified that PPBL is run independently by its management and board.

“We would take this opportunity to clarify that as per banking regulations, Paytm Payments Bank Limited is run independently by its management and board. While OCL is allowed to have two board seats on the board of Paytm Payments Bank Limited, as a part of its shareholder agreement, OCL exerts no influence on the operations of Paytm Payments Bank Limited, other than as a minority board member, and minority shareholder,” Paytm said in an exchange filing.

‘App to Remain Functional’

Paytm’s associate Bank recently received the Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) directions in response to which Paytm’s Founder and CEO Vijay Shekhar Sharma assured users that Paytm app will continue to work beyond February 29.

In a tweet, Vijay Shekhar Sharma said: “To every Paytmer, Your favourite app is working, will keep working beyond 29 February as usual. I, with every Paytm team member, salute you for your relentless support.

In his tweet, he also added, “For every challenge, there is a solution and we are sincerely committed to serve our nation in full compliance. India will keep winning global accolades in payment innovation and inclusion in financial services – with PaytmKaro as the biggest champion of it.”

Following the RBI’s directive, Paytm customers need not to worry as it has said that the app is up and running.

Paytm and its services continue to remain operational beyond 29th Feb, as most of the services offered by Paytm are in partnership with various banks (not just associate Bank).

Paytm has been informed that this does not impact user deposits in their savings accounts, Wallets, FASTags, and NCMC accounts, where they can continue to use the existing balances.

The recent RBI directives on Paytm’s associate bank won’t affect Paytm Money Ltd’s (PML) operations or customers’ investments in Equity, Mutual Funds, or NPS.

Paytm’s other financial services such as loan distribution, and insurance distribution are not in any way related to its associate Bank and will continue to work as usual.

Paytm’s offline merchant payment network offerings like Paytm QR, Paytm Soundbox, Paytm Card Machine, will continue as usual, where it can onboard new offline merchants as well.

Mobile recharges, subscriptions and other recurring payments on the Paytm app will continue to operate smoothly.

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RBI’s Major Blow to Paytm

The action has been taken after a Comprehensive System Audit report and subsequent compliance validation report…reports Asian Lite News

The RBI has barred Paytm Payments Bank Ltd (PPBL) from further deposits or credit transactions or top ups in any customer accounts, prepaid instruments, wallets, FASTags, NCMC cards, etc., after February 29, 2024, other than any interest, cashbacks, or refunds which may be credited anytime.

The action has been taken after a Comprehensive System Audit report and subsequent compliance validation report of the external auditors revealed persistent non-compliances and continued material supervisory concerns in the bank, warranting further supervisory action, the RBI said in a statement on Wednesday.

“Withdrawal or utilisation of balances by PPBL customers from their accounts including savings bank accounts, current accounts, prepaid instruments, FASTags, National Common Mobility Cards, etc. are to be permitted without any restrictions, up to their available balance, the RBI order states.

Apart from this, no other banking services like fund transfers (irrespective of name and nature of services like AEPS, IMPS, etc.), BBPOU and UPI facility should be provided by the bank after February 29, 2024, the order states.

The Nodal Accounts of One97 Communications Ltd and Paytm Payments Services Ltd. are to be terminated at the earliest, in any case not later than February 29, according to the order.

Settlement of all pipeline transactions and nodal accounts (in respect of all transactions initiated on or before February 29, 2024) shall be completed by March 15, 2024 and no further transactions shall be permitted thereafter, the order further states.

Meanwhile, Paytm shares plunged 20 per cent at the lower circuit on Thursday after RBI imposed severe restrictions on Paytm Payments Bank.

Paytm is trading at Rs 608.80 down 20.00 per cent on BSE.

Motilal Oswal Financial Services said in a report that the business outlook is highly uncertain and downgraded the stock to neutral.

Paytm Payments Bank Ltd (PPBL) is an associate company of PAYTM and has over 100m KYC customers. It also has 300m wallet users, 30m bank account holders and 17 per cent market share in FASTag by value.

Earlier, RBI in its previous press release dated 11th March directed PPBL to stop onboarding new customers. The regulator has now adopted a stricter stance, citing continued non-compliance and persistent material supervisory concerns.

Accordingly, the RBI on January 31, 2024 imposed stricter measures, thereby significantly limiting the scope of business activities for PPBL.

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RBI Eyes Status Quo on Rates

According to credit rating agency CARE Ratings, the RBI will continue with its cautious pause with the repo rate at 6.5 per cent….reports Asian Lite News

The Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) is expected to maintain the repo rate at 6.5 per cent and there would be no rate hike this fiscal, said economists at credit rating agencies and Bank of Baroda.

They also said RBI’s MPC at its upcoming meeting would revise upward the gross domestic product (GDP) forecast.

According to credit rating agency CARE Ratings, the RBI will continue with its cautious pause with the repo rate at 6.5 per cent.

The repo rate is the rate at which banks borrow from the RBI.

“The economic outlook has improved significantly with a robust expansion of economic output in H1 led by upward surprise in Q2 GDP growth. The RBI may revise its earlier growth projections for FY24 up by about 20-30 bps,” CARE Ratings said.

Despite the commendable overall economic performance, specific challenges persist in certain pockets, particularly in rural demand. Agricultural growth remains muted amid lower-than-expected kharif output and lower reservoir levels impacting rabi sowing, said CARE Ratings.

Inflation pressures eased but food prices remain a cause of concern. A decline in agricultural production could pose an additional upside risk to inflation figures.

According to CARE Ratings, the RBI will focus on liquidity management and personal credit. While an overall tight liquidity situation is anticipated, the RBI aims to ensure that it does not unduly impede credit growth.

The RBI is likely to continue supporting economic growth, while remaining cautious on inflation.

“Therefore, we anticipate that the RBI will keep its policy rates and stance unchanged. We do not anticipate any further rate hikes by the RBI in this fiscal year,” CARE Ratings said.

“With the GDP data for Q2 FY2024 appreciably higher than the MPC’s last forecast, and continuing concerns on various aspects of food inflation, we expect the MPC to pause in its December 2023 review, amidst a fairly hawkish tone of the policy document,” said Aditi Nayar, Chief Economist, Head Research and Outreach, ICRA Ltd

“The high growth witnessed in Q2 in GDP will provide assurance that the economy is on track. The low core inflation numbers in the last few months will provide comfort that there is no need to increase rates even while headline inflation is likely to be volatile in the upward direction,” said Madan Sabnavis, Chief Economist, Bank of Baroda.

“Some direction on liquidity will be useful to the market as the system is in deficit for quite some time. There can be some upward revision in the GDP growth numbers though will not be very significant. We believe an upward revision of 0.1-0.2% can be expected here. Inflation forecasts may remain unchanged and, if at all there is a revision, will be upwards,” he added.

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RBI’s Consumer Credit Norms to Strengthen Financial Stability

Fitch Ratings views these changes as a credit-positive effort by regulatory authorities to control emergent risks in consumer credit.

In a proactive move aimed at mitigating potential systemic risks associated with the rapid growth of consumer credit, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has implemented stringent measures, impacting both banks and non-bank financial institutions (NBFIs).

Fitch Ratings has provided insights into the repercussions of these regulatory adjustments on the financial sector.

The central focus of the regulatory adjustments is to mandate banks and NBFIs to allocate more capital against unsecured consumer credit.

Fitch Ratings views these changes as a credit-positive effort by regulatory authorities to control emergent risks in consumer credit.

Notably, the growth of unsecured credit card loans and personal loans by banks witnessed an impressive 29.9 per cent and 25.5 per cent year-on-year increase, respectively, in the first half of the financial year ending March 2024.

This surge in consumer credit raised concerns, prompting the need for preventive measures.

The increasing exposure to unsecured consumer credit considered a riskier loan category, signals a greater risk appetite among banks and NBFIs.

This trend is attributed to the institutions seeking to protect net interest margins (NIMs) amid fierce competition for secured retail loans.

The regulatory changes introduce higher risk weightings, aligning for both banks and NBFIs. While risk weightings for credit-card lending increase to 125 per cent (from 100 per cent previously) for NBFIs, banks maintain a higher 150 per cent.

Microfinance is excluded from higher risk weights for NBFIs, distinguishing it from banks.

Fitch Ratings estimates that the measures may lower the common equity Tier 1 (CET1) ratio of the banking system by around 30 basis points.

Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Governor Shaktikanta Das

The impact varies for Fitch-rated banks, ranging from 6 to 34 basis points, with a double-digit impact expected for private banks like State Bank of India (SBI) and Canara Bank.

Private banks, with relatively better CET1 capitalization, are expected to maintain reasonable capitalization even after the changes.

The measures, however, may not significantly lower banks’ capital scores or standalone Viability Ratings (VRs), though SBI’s VR headroom could narrow.

Fitch-rated NBFIs, including Shriram Finance Limited, Muthoot Finance Ltd, IIFL Finance Limited, and Manappuram Finance Limited, witness an impact on capitalization ratios, loan growth, and future asset quality.

However, the overall impact is expected to be limited, with these entities benefiting from reduced systemic risk.

NBFIs may experience a rise in bank funding costs by 40 to 60 basis points. This assumes that banks pass on capital costs from higher risk weights on loans to NBFIs.

Larger NBFIs are better positioned to negotiate favorable terms with banks, while lower-rated entities could face greater increases.

Loans to housing finance companies and NBFIs eligible for priority sector classification are excluded from the adjustment, benefiting entities like Shriram due to their priority sector exposure.

The regulatory changes aim to strike a balance between fostering consumer credit growth and preventing the buildup of systemic risks.

The phased implementation of these measures underscores the regulators’ commitment to maintaining financial stability while allowing financial institutions time to adapt to the new norms.

As India’s financial landscape undergoes these adjustments, stakeholders are closely monitoring the impact on lending practices, risk management, and overall economic resilience. (ANI)

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RBI Holds Key Repo Rate at 6.5%

The MPC, in its policy review meeting, had retained the key repo rate at 6.5 percent, reiterating willingness to act against inflation….reports Asian Lite News

A majority of the members of the RBI’s Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) are of the view that the central bank’s policy needs to remain actively disinflationary as headline inflation is ruling above the tolerance band and its alignment with the target is getting interrupted, the minutes of the last meeting released on Friday showed.

The MPC, in its policy review meeting, had retained the key repo rate at 6.5 percent, reiterating willingness to act against inflation.

“Going forward, inflation outlook continues to be beset with uncertainties, especially from adverse weather events, the playout of El Nino conditions, uncertainties in global food and energy prices and volatility in global financial markets,” RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das was quoted as saying in the minutes of the October meeting ahead of the monetary policy announcement.

“Inflation prints for September and October will need to be monitored carefully to look out for the moderation that our projections anticipate,” RBI Deputy Governor Michael Debabrata Patra said.

In September, India’s headline retail inflation rate fell to 5.02 per cent in September, mainly because of the sharp fall in vegetable prices.

But clearly the MPC members are of the view that situation needs to kept under close watch.

The RBI Governor said on Friday at a conclave in Delhi that “We remain extra vigilant on inflation dynamics as the outlook on food inflation is beset with uncertainties”.

The central bank faces the challenge of maintaining a delicate balance between promoting growth and controlling inflation with the potential for conflicts between the two objectives.

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RBI’s Forex Intervention as Rupee Gains Slightly

The forex kitty fell by as much as $2.3 billion during the week after having plunged by as much as $5.9 billion in the two preceding weeks….reports Asian Lite News

India’s foreign exchange reserves declined for a third consecutive week to a four-month low of $590.7 billion as of September 22, data released by the RBI on Friday showed.

The forex kitty fell by as much as $2.3 billion during the week after having plunged by as much as $5.9 billion in the two preceding weeks.

The decline in the foreign exchange reserves is a cause for concern as the RBI uses them to curb volatility in the rupee. The central bank intervenes in the market to sell US dollars to prop up the rupee in a situation where the Indian currency falls sharply. However, if the total amount in the forex kitty declines, the RBI is left with less elbow room to intervene in the markets. 

Over the last few trading sessions, the RBI has been likely selling dollars via public sector banks to prevent the rupee from falling to a record low against the dollar, according to market analysts.

For the week ended September 22, during which forex reserves fell, the rupee had risen 0.2 per cent against the dollar and traded in a range of 82.8225 and 83.2725.

Changes in foreign currency assets, expressed in dollar terms, also include the effects of appreciation or depreciation of other currencies held in the RBI’s reserves.

Besides, foreign exchange reserves include India’s Reserve Tranche position in the International Monetary Fund.

The rupee ended at 83.04 on Friday, down 0.1 per cent for the week.

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