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ITBP jawans unfurl Tricolour at icy height in Himalayas on R-Day

The jawans unfurled the national flag at last Indian village Mana at Uttarakhand, border areas of Ladakh, and Kumaon region in Uttarakhand…reports Asian Lite News

The troopers of Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) on Wednesday celebrated the 73rd Republic Day, 2022 at the icy heights of Himalayas with zeal and vigour, from the heights ranging from 12,000 to 17,500 feet.

The ITBP jawans also known as Himveers, unfurled the national flag in the border areas of Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh where at places, the minimum temperature is minus (-) 45 degrees celsius. The jawans unfurled the national flag at last Indian village Mana at Uttarakhand, border areas of Ladakh, and Kumaon region in Uttarakhand.

The ‘Daredevil’ bikers of the ITBP also showcased 10 different types of formation at the Rajpath during the Republic Day Parade. This is the first time that the ITBP showcased so many formations such as Lotus Formation, Border Man’s Salute, Fly Riding, Pawan Chakki, Horizontal Bar Exercise, Six-Man Balance, Arrow Position, Jaguar Position, Sentinels of the Himalayas and the theme-based Pyramid on ‘Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav’ on the 75th Anniversary of India’s independence. A total of 146 personnel and 33 Bullet Motorcycles of ITBP will participate in the Mission ‘Daredevils’.

Raised in 1962, the ITBP is deployed to guard the 3,488 km of India-China borders. The terrain and weather conditions in the mountainous borders are full of challenges where the brave jawans of the ITBP remained deployed 24×7 to keep vigil at the Himalayan frontiers of the country. The ITBP is a mountain trained force and all its personnel are professionally acknowledged mountaineers. The Force is known as ‘Sentinels of the Himalayas’ for its greater role in the security of the highest borders of the Nation.

The Himalayan border guarding force has recently completed 59 years of dedicated service to the Nation. It has conducted hundreds of rescue operations as ‘First responders’ in disasters in the Himalayan region over the years.

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R-Day in pictures

The 73rd Republic Day parade witnessed many firsts, including India’s first woman Rafale fighter jet pilot, Shivangi Singh, as part of the Indian Air Force tableau. The parade also featured its biggest-yet fly-past, with 75 aircraft from all three services on display. For the first time in its history, the parade began half an hour later than usual, due to low visibility and fog.

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PM wears cap from Uttarakhand, Manipur stole

Prime Minister Modi makes a statement by wearing a dress or accessories from different states on important occasions like Republic Day, Independence Day and other occasions…reports Asian Lite News

Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Wednesday wore a cap from Uttarakhand and a stole from Manipur on the Republic Day function.

The Prime Minister wore a cap from Uttarakhand with Brahma kamal flower embossed on it. Brahma kamal is the state flower of Uttarakhand and Prime Minister Modi uses this flower whenever he does pooja at Kedarnath. Apart from white kurta with a jacket, PM Modi was seen wearing a Manipuri stole also.

Uttarakhand Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami thanked PM Modi for representing the state’s culture and tradition in front of the world. “Today, on the occasion of 73rd Republic Day, Prime Minister Narendra Modi has made the culture and tradition of our state proud by wearing the cap of Devbhoomi Uttarakhand, adorned with Brahma Kamal. On behalf of the 1.25 crore people of Uttarakhand, I express my heartfelt gratitude to the Prime Minister,” Dhami tweeted.

Both Manipur and Uttarakhand are going to the polls in a few weeks.

Prime Minister Modi makes a statement by wearing a dress or accessories from different states on important occasions like Republic Day, Independence Day and other occasions.

While taking Covid vaccination shot last year, he wore a gamcha. Last year on Republic Day, Modi wore a red Gujarati headgear.

Earlier, Prime Minister Modi greeted people on the occasion of Republic Day. “Wishing you all a happy Republic Day. Jai Hind!,” the Prime Minister tweeted.

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India @ 73: PM greets nation on special day

The Prime Minister, encircled with his security posse, was seen waving at the crowd and greeting them with a ‘Namaste’. People in the crowd waved back at him with enthusiasm…reports Asian Lite News

Prime Minister Narendra Modi kept with his practice of walking down the Rajpath and greeting spectators after the conclusion of the Republic Day Parade.Like in previous years, the Prime Minister accompanied by his security detail walked and waved to people seated on both sides of the road.

The Prime Minister, encircled with his security posse, was seen waving at the crowd and greeting them with a ‘Namaste’. People in the crowd waved back at him with enthusiasm. The PM sported a unique Uttarakhand traditional cap embellished with a Brahmakamal inspired brooch and a Manipuri stole PM Modi donned in his statement kurta-churidar and traditional V-neck sleeveless jacket. The PM was also seen petting Virat, a horse in the President’s security unit, which had made an appearance on Republic Day for 10 years. The horse which presented the President its last escort at the 21 Gun Salute ceremony at Rajpath, shortly before the Republic Day parade began, retired today. Virat was awarded Chief of the Army Staff’s commendation on Army Day this year. (ANI)

Home Minister extends wish

Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Union Home Minister Amit Shah on Wednesday extended their wishes to the people on the occasion of Republic Day.

“Wishing you all a happy Republic Day. Jai Hind!,” the Prime Minister wrote on Twitter.

Home Minister Amit Shah in his greetings paid tributes to the soldiers who have kept the country’s integrity intact.

“I bow to all the soldiers who have dedicated their lives to keep the pride, unity and integrity of Indian Republic intact,” the Minister said.

He further asked all the countrymen to take a pledge on the day to ensure India’s commitment to the democratic values of freedom.

Defence Minister Rajnath Singh said this is an occasion to celebrate our democracy and cherish the ideas and values enshrined in our Constitution.

“Praying for the continued progress and prosperity of our country,” he said.

Earlier on the eve of Republic Day, President Ram Nath Kovind addressed the nation and called it “an occasion to celebrate what is common to us all, our Indianness”.

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Boris greets India on Republic Day

In May, 2021, AstraZeneca pledged $1 million USD in humanitarian aid to support relief activities in India as well as other communities around the world hardest hit by the pandemic…reports Asian Lite News

UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson has greeted the people of India on the occasion of 73rd Republic Day saying that the nations are tied by deep bonds that span through the generations.

In his message, on the eve of the Republic Day, he recalled the Free Trade Agreement between India and the UK and also the joint manufacturing of Corona vaccine by the Oxford-AstraZeneca.

“The UK and India are tied by deep bonds that span through the generations and across some of the greatest modern day challenges we have faced. That is why I want to send my best wishes on behalf of the United Kingdom to the people of India, and to all the British Indians in the UK, on India’s Republic Day.”

“As two diverse democracies, I am proud of our strong friendship, demonstrated by the launch of free trade negotiations this month and our partnership manufacturing the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine. I look forward to fortifying those bonds as we bring our ambitions, people and economies together to prosper for the next 75 years and beyond.” the message read.

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On January 13, 2022, Minister of Commerce and Industry Piyush Goyal launched the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) negotiations with the United Kingdom along with Anne-Marie Trevelyan, UK Secretary of State for International Trade in New Delhi.

The FTA is expected to facilitate the target of doubling bilateral trade between India and the United Kingdom by 2030, set by the Prime Ministers of both the nations, Narendra Modi and Boris Johnson in May 2021.

In May, 2021, AstraZeneca pledged $1 million USD in humanitarian aid to support relief activities in India as well as other communities around the world hardest hit by the pandemic.

This includes directing $250,000 USD to Direct Relief to support their efforts in India, which includes the distribution of oxygen concentrators, medicines, other supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) to provide treatment and care for those with Covid-19.

“We remain steadfast in our continued commitment to changing the course of the pandemic for the people of India,” said Pascal Soriot, Chief Executive Officer, AstraZeneca on AstraZeneca’s support to India during the second wave of the corona pandemic.

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R-Day @ 73

The 73rd Republic Day parade also featured its biggest-yet fly-past, with 75 aircraft from all three services on display.  For the first time in its history, the parade began half an hour later than usual, due to low visibility and fog, reports Asian Lite News

The country’s first woman Rafale fighter jet pilot Shivangi Singh was part of the Indian Air Force tableau at the Republic Day parade on Wednesday. She is only the second woman fighter jet pilot to be part of the IAF tableau. Singh, who is from Varanasi, joined the IAF in 2017 and was commissioned in the IAF’s second batch of women fighter pilots. She had been flying MiG-21 Bison aircraft before flying the Rafale. She is part of the IAF’s Golden Arrows squadron based out of Ambala in Punjab.

The 73rd Republic Day parade also featured its biggest-yet fly-past, with 75 aircraft from all three services on display.  For the first time in its history, the parade began half an hour later than usual, due to low visibility and fog. Prime Minister Narendra Modi arrived at the National War Memorial on Wednesday morning, where he paid homage to the armed forces personnel who were killed in action. He was received by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and the chiefs of the three defence forces.

With the parade taking place under the shadow of the coronavirus pandemic yet again, strict guidelines have been imposed for those attending. Those attending must be fully vaccinated against Covid-19 and children below 15 years of age will not be allowed to attend the function. Visitors must carry proof of vaccination and must adhere to all Covid-protocols, such as wearing face masks and maintaining social distancing.

The grand Republic Day parade started at 10:30am today amid foggy weather. As per tradition, the national flag was unfurled followed by the National Anthem with a booming 21-gun salute, presented by Ceremonial Battery of 871 Field Regiment.

The celebrations commenced on January 23 as Prime Minister Narendra Modi, on the occasion of Netaji’s 125th birth anniversary, unveiled the hologram statue of the freedom fighter at India Gate in Delhi on Sunday.

As many as 75 aircraft of the Indian Air Force conducted a flypast showcasing the India’s military prowess at the event. For the first time, the defence ministry presented videos from the cockpit as the helicopters and aircraft flew over Rajpath. The Centre also installed 10 large LED screens, five on each side of Rajpath, for spectators at the location. The guest list was cut short this year to ensure necessary Covid protocols.

On the eve of Republic Day celebrations, President Ram Nath Kovind approved awards of 384 gallantry and other defence decorations to armed forces personnel and others.

The Centre also announced the Padma awards on Tuesday. The President approved the conferment of 128 Padma awards this year, including two duo cases, in which the award is counted as one. The list comprises four Padma Vibhushan, 17 Padma Bhushan and 107 Padma Shri awards.

The parade, led by Lieutenant General Vijay Kumar Mishra, started after the tricolour was unfurled with a 21-gun salute. The winners of the country’s highest gallantry awards, Param Vir Chakra and Ashok Chakra, led the contingents in saluting the President, the Supreme Commander of armed forces.

How Indian Army uniforms and rifles evolved over the decades since independence was on display at the parade. Three contingents of the Army wore uniforms and carried rifles from previous decades, and one wore the new combat uniform and carried the latest Tavor rifles.

President Kovind posthumously awarded Ashok Chakra, the country’s highest peacetime gallantry award, to Assistant Sub Inspector Babu Ram, who was killed fighting terrorists in Kashmir. The officer’s wife received the award on his behalf.

The contingents of security forces were followed by tableux from states that showcased India’s cultural diversity, with themes ranging from the freedom struggle to biodiversity.

Several government ministries and departments also took out tabluex, highlighting flagship initiatives such as Jal Jeevan Mission. The Central Public Works Development tableau paid tribute to Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose on his 125th birth anniversary.

About 480 dancers from diverse genre, who were selected through a nationwide dance competition, performed in the parade.

For the ‘Beating Retreat’ ceremony at Vijay Chowk on January 29, a drone show with 1,000 indigenously manufactured drones has been planned.

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Intelligence agencies issue R-Day alert

A recent video released by Gurpatwant Singh Pannu of the banned organization of the Sikhs For Justice (SFJ) has urged terrorists in Kashmir valley to support him and reach Delhi to sabotage Republic Day celebration, reports Asian Lite News

Ahead of Republic Day, intelligence agencies have alerted the security agencies including Delhi Police to keep watch on people who were proactive during the Citizenship Amendment Act-National Register of Citizens protests and farmers’ agitation.

A senior Delhi Police officer said that after getting inputs from intelligence agencies, the security of Red Fort and other important installations in New Delhi area has been increased.

“The intelligence input suggests that people wanted in Delhi violence could disrupt the Republic Day celebration. The alert reads that some people who were wanted in Delhi violence are in touch with anti-social elements backed by foreign sources to destabilize normalcy in the country,” he added.

A recent video released by Gurpatwant Singh Pannu of the banned organization of the Sikhs For Justice (SFJ) has urged terrorists in Kashmir valley to support him and reach Delhi to sabotage Republic Day celebration.

He added that precautionary measures have been put in place to curb any untoward incident in the Red Fort following the intelligence alerts. “Delhi borders will get the seal from January 25-26 midnight. Entry of heavy vehicles will not be allowed in Delhi from five border points on January 26,” he added.

However, following intelligence inputs, Delhi Police has intensified anti-terror measures under 26 parameters since last November for the preparation of Republic Day, said Rakesh Asthana, Delhi Police Commissioner on Sunday.

“Arrangements for Republic Day began last year soon after the Independence Day celebration. Delhi is usually always under terror threat, so we have to take extra caution. This year as well we are on full alert. Security agencies are coordinating with Delhi Police to keep a check on all anti-terror measures,” said Asthana.

The Police Commissioner informed that Delhi Police has currently deployed more than 20,000 personnel, including Deputy Commissioners’ of Police, Assistant Commissioners’ of Police, Inspectors and Commanders for the Republic Day arrangement. 65 companies of Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF) will also coordinate with these forces, he added.

Last year, a Delhi-based lawyer filed a complaint against Sikhs For Justice (SFJ) Chief Gurpatwant Singh Pannu with the New York State Police’s Commissioner, Keechant L Sewell, for attempting to wage a war among communities, criminal assault, provocation for rioting, criminal conspiracy against the state of India, threat to the Prime Minister of India and former Judges of Supreme Court of India.

The complainant Lawyer, Vineet Jindal stated that SFJ Chief Gurpatwant Singh Pannu had recently made an announcement through a video widely circulated via social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter, offering 1 million dollars as a reward to block PM Narender Modi and to remove the Indian flag on Republic day, targeting the Indian Republic day celebration.

939 police medals announced on eve of R-Day 2022

The Centre on Tuesday announced 939 police medals on the eve of the Republic Day 2022.

According to the Union Home Ministry’s announcement, out of 939 medals, 189 have been granted for gallantry that is Police Medal for Gallantry (PMG), 88 for Distinguished Service (PPM) and 662 for Meritorious Services (PM).

The Jammu & Kashmir Police has bagged the highest number of medals. Out of 189, 115 Police Medals for Gallantry have been awarded to the Jammu & Kashmir Police for their courage and valour.

Among the paramilitary forces, the Central Reserve Police Force has got the highest number of gallantry medals at 30 while Indo- Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) and Sashtra Seema Bal (SSB) to be given three each.

The CRPF received 30 Police Medal for Gallantry, five President Police Medal for Distinguished Service and 57 Police Medal for Meritorious Service while ITBP has received a total of 18 medals including three Police Medals for Gallantry, three President’s Police Medals for Distinguished Service and 12 Police Medal For Meritorious Service.

The Border Security Force (BSF) has got two Police Medal for Gallantry, five President Police Medal for Distinguished Service and 46 Police Medal for Meritorious Service and the National Security Guard (NSG) got one PPM and four PM.

This year, no President’s Police Medal for Gallantry (PPMG), the highest of police gallantry medals, has been awarded to anyone. Last year, two policemen from Jharkhand were given PPMG (Posthumously).

Under the Police Medal for Gallantry for state police, Chhattisgarh has got a total of 10 medals for their gallantry in controlling the left wing extremism in the state. Police personnel from Jharkhand got two medals, Delhi and Madhya Pradesh got three each and Maharashtra got seven while Manipur got one medal.

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Delhi turns into a fortress ahead of R-Day

Over 27,000 personnel, 71 Deputy Commissioners of Police (DCPs), 213 ACPs, 713 Inspectors, Delhi Police Commandos, Armed Battalion officers and Jawans and 65 companies of the Central Armed Police Force to maintain vigil, reports Asian Lite News

Delhi Police Commissioner Rakesh Asthana on Sunday said that over 27,000 personnel have been deployed in the national capital in view of the Republic Day.

“A total force of 27,723 personnel are deployed in Delhi,” the Delhi Police chief said in a press conference.

He further said that the total force includes 71 Deputy Commissioners of Police (DCPs), 213 ACPs, 713 Inspectors, Delhi Police Commandos, Armed Battalion officers and Jawans and 65 companies of the Central Armed Police Force.

The Commissioner said that for the past two months, the Delhi Police have been taking intensified anti-terror measures in the national capital. “Delhi has always remained a target for anti-social elements. This year too we are on alert. For the past two months, we are taking intensified anti-terror measures in Delhi in coordination with other security agencies,” Asthana said.

Notably, Delhi is currently under a heavy security cover after the intelligence agencies received inputs of a possible terror attack in the city in wake of the Republic day. “In the past two months you may have seen several police blockades around the city, checking of vehicles, hotels, lodges and verification of servants, tenants and labourers,” Asthana said, adding that vehicles are being thoroughly checked at all the entry and exit points of the national capital.

The Commissioner informed that the police have also secured the air space with ‘Counter Rogue Drone’ technology in and around the area where the celebrations will take place. “For this we have also taken help from other agencies to completely secure the area,” he said.

Commissioner Asthana had recently in an order said that as per the reports, certain criminal or anti-social elements or terrorists inimical to India may pose a threat to the safety of the general public, dignitaries and vital installations. In view of this, the Delhi Police chief put a ban on the use of sub-conventional aerial platforms like para-gliders, para-motors, hang gliders, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), micro-light aircraft, remotely-piloted aircraft, hot air balloons, small-size powered aircraft, quadcopters or even para-jumping from aircraft etc.

Sharing more details about the security scenario, the top cop said that apart from Delhi Police’s internal meetings for security arrangements, interstate coordination meetings were also held. “We also held meetings with DGPs, ADGs, CID Crime and ATS chiefs of other states to ensure full proof security,” he said.

As the social media remains a major tool for anti-social elements to spread misinformation, the Delhi Police chief said that their social media cell has been proactively monitoring all the activities. “Apart from awareness campaigns, we are also using social media to disseminate important and factual information so that no anti-social element is able to run a misinformation campaign,” said the Commissioner.

The Delhi Police chief added that the security arrangements have also been made after coordinating with the officers of all the agencies working in the Central Vista project.

Earlier, Deputy Commissioner of Police (New Delhi district) Deepak Yadav had informed that adequate arrangements have been made in and around the Rajpath for the Republic day parade. “Around 300 cameras with face-recognition facilities have been installed around the Rajpath to thwart any threat beforehand,” Yadav said.

In view of the existing threat, the New Delhi DCP said that specially trained commandos of the Delhi Police and paramilitary forces would be deployed to counter any threat. “Apart from the police commandos, assault teams of SWAT, Special Cell and Hit teams of NSG would also be deployed,” Yadav said.

As the usage of drone while carrying out terror attacks have risen in the recent past, the DCP said any flying object that breaches the security cordons in and around the area of Rajpath will be taken care of.

Meanwhile, around 1,000 drones, 75 military aircraft and tableaux of 12 states and Union Territories and nine ministries will be part of the Republic Day celebrations at Rajpath in the national capital.

Interestingly, the government has introduced two important changes — Republic Day celebration week will be held from January 23 to January 30 and the main function will begin 30 minutes later on January 26. It will begin at 10.30 a.m. in place of 10 a.m. to let visibility improve by the time flypast takes place.

The celebrations will begin from January 23 to mark the 125th birth anniversary of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose. It will end on January 30 to commemorate Martyrs Day.

Further, a number of visitors at the Republic Day parade has been curtailed significantly. Last year when the first Covid-19 wave was ebbing down around 25,000 visitors were allowed. This year, the number has been significantly curtailed between 5,000 and 8,000 and still is being worked out as Covid-19 cases have increased significantly.

New-look Rajpath to host R-Day celebrations

Spectators arriving at the Rajpath here to witness the Republic Day celebrations on January 26 (Wednesday) are all set to find the boulevard in a “new-look” as the work on the government’s ambitious Central Vista Project is underway at a rapid pace.

The work on the re-development of Rajpath was going on under the Central Vista Project due to which this year, the ceremonial boulevard will look more beautiful than before.

New footpaths on the Rajpath have replaced the red sand path following which 94,600 meters of walkable roads have been created.

Also, 422 new stone benches have been installed, and 16 bridges would be built on the canals. Currently, some temporary bridges have been installed, ahead of the Republic Day.

People coming to watch the Republic Day parade would also see new sign boards. A total of 114 modern sign boards have been installed on the Rajpath.

At the same time, 133 new light pillars will also be seen, due to which Rajpath is set to look more beautiful than before.

Over 900 lamp posts have been erected along the Rajpath between Rashtrapati Bhavan and India Gate.

On the occasion of Republic Day, the visitors would also see photographs of some of the lesser known freedom fighters along the Rajpath, which have been prepared by over 500 artists. These pictures have been prepared in 10 scrolls of 75 metres.

Earlier, Union Housing and Urban Affairs Minister Hardeep Singh Puri, while talking to the media, said: “Despite the Covid pandemic, almost all the work of this project has been completed. During the construction work, 25 trees were removed, 22 trees have been shifted to another place and three have been planted here.”

“There will also be a terraced garden for the tourists where people can come and sit. The greenery has been increased more… a total of 4,087 trees will be included,” the Minister added.

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Govt may host 5 Central Asian leaders as R-Day chief guests

If the plans work out, Presidents of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Kyrgyzstan, will come to Delhi in January, reports Asian Lite News

Delhi is working on plans to get leaders of five Central Asian countries, three of which share a border with Afghanistan, as chief guests for the Republic Day parade and celebrations on January 26, sources told two media organisations.

An informal outreach has already been made through diplomatic channels, and External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar is likely to hold a dialogue with the foreign ministers of these five countries over the next weekend — December 18-19.

The outreach will lay the groundwork for the summit at the leaders’ level, sources said.

If the plans work out, and the Covid situation permits, five Presidents — Kazakhstan’s Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, Uzbekistan’s Shavkat Mirziyoyev, Tajikistan’s Emomali Rahmon, Turkmenistan’s Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow and Kyrgyzstan’s Sadyr Japarov — will come to Delhi in January, sources said.

Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan share a border with Afghanistan.

Earlier, plans were being worked out to invite countries of the BIMSTEC grouping, which includes Bangladesh, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Nepal and Bhutan. But that move did not materialise, sources said.

The five Central Asian countries are key to the situation in Taliban-ruled Afghanistan, and Delhi has been engaging with them over the past few months. Recently, the NSAs of the five countries came to Delhi for the regional security dialogue on Afghanistan hosted by NSA Ajit Doval. All of them had expressed concern at the current situation in Afghanistan.

Engagement with the Central Asian countries was first formulated in the past decade when India framed the “Connect Central Asia policy” in 2012.

It was given a fillip when Prime Minister Narendra Modi travelled to the five countries in July 2015 — the first Indian Prime Minister to do so after these republics were born in the 1990s following the disintegration of Soviet Union.

Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru had travelled to these regions when they were part of the Soviet Union.

The connect with these Central Asian countries is important for a variety of reasons: security cooperation in the wake of Taliban’s takeover of Afghanistan, China’s influence in the strategically vital region, connectivity plans including the International North South Transit Corridor (INSTC), energy needs (Kazakhstan has Uranium reserves and Turkmenistan is part of the proposed Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-Iran gas pipeline), cultural links and potential for trade.

An invitation to be the Republic Day chief guest is highly symbolic from the Government’s perspective. The choice is dictated by a number of reasons — strategic and diplomatic, business interests and international geo-politics.

The last time a grouping of countries was invited was in 2018, when 10 leaders from ASEAN were chief guests. Over the past few years, the chief guests were US President Barack Obama (2015), French President Francois Hollande (2016) and Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan (2017).

In 2019, after the invitation to then US President Donald Trump did not work out, South Africa’s President Cyril Ramaphosa was called as chief guest. This year, India had no chief guest after British Prime Minister Boris Johnson cancelled his visit due to the pandemic.

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